【摘要】 金刚石是集最高硬度、最高热导率、最宽透光波段、高载流子迁移率、高击穿电压等诸多优异的物理和化学性能于一体的极限性功能材料，广泛用于钻饰、工业、科技、地学、生物医学和国防等领域。金刚石根据其内部氮和硼杂质的含量及存在形式可分为Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱa和Ⅱb四种类型。在长期对金刚石合成的研究中，本课题组已在实验室成功实现了上述四类金刚石的合成，在此基础上还研制了超纯金刚石单晶，以及氢协同掺杂、硼协同掺杂、硫协同掺杂等多元协同掺杂功能金刚石单晶，使我国成为继美国、日本、英国等国之后能够人工合成多种宝石级金刚石单晶的少数国家之一。文章对所合成的Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱa和Ⅱb四类金刚石以及超纯金刚石、高氮金刚石、硼基半导体金刚石等进行了介绍，阐述了不同类型金刚石的特点及其应用价值，对合成大尺寸、高质量、具有实际应用前景的金刚石大单晶具有重要指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Diamond is a limit functional material that combines many excellent physical and chemical properties such as highest hardness, highest thermal conductivity, widest light transmission band, high carrier mobility, high breakdown voltage, etc. It is widely used in diamond jewelry, industry, science and technology, geology, biomedicine and national defense. Diamond can be divided into four types, Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅱa and Ⅱb, according to the content and existence form of internal nitrogen and boron impurities. During the long-term research on diamond synthesis, our group has successfully achieved the synthesis of the above four types of diamond in the laboratory. On this basis, we have also developed ultra-pure diamond single crystals, as well as multi-functional diamond single crystals with multiple co-doping such as hydrogen co-doping, boron co-doping and sulfur co-doping, making China one of the few countries that can synthesize a variety of gem-grade diamond single crystals artificially after the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom One of them. In this paper, we have introduced four types of diamond Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅱa and Ⅱb, as well as ultrapure diamond, high nitrogen diamond and boron-based semiconductor diamond, etc. We have described the characteristics of different types of diamond and their application values, which are important guidelines for the synthesis of large size, high quality and large diamond single crystals with practical application prospects.更多还原