【摘要】 语气副词“并”宜视为一个反预期标记，以往研究所说的“加强否定”、“表示申辩”等只是其反预期标记功能在不同话语环境中不同程度和不同侧面的突显。“并”的反预期情状既有无定预期，也有特定预期，主要突显言者信息领地优势。“并”具有叙实性，“～P”是一种直陈事实。“并～P”或其所属小句在语篇中通常处于前景位置，充当焦点，但有时在语体制约下，言者会对“并～P”作句法降级处理，使其发生“去焦点化”，这种对话语信息的能动调配直接导致“并～P”的非典型分布，体现了功能需求对语法的塑造作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The modal adverb Bing(并) should be regarded as a counter-expectation marker. The past standpoints,such as strengthening negation, or expressing refutation, are barely the salience of different degree and different profiles of its function of counter-expectation marking. The proposition Bing(并) marks,～P, is a deviation of both definite expectation and indefinite expectation, and it spotlights speaker’s superiority over others in information territory. Bing(并) has factivity, and ～P is an indicative fact. The minor sentence to which “Bing(并) ～ P” belongs is in the foreground as the focus of a discourse. While sometimes “Bing(并) ～ P”will be degraded syntactically by speaker, who is motivated by style, thus becoming defocalized. This kind of active arrangement for discourse information results to the untypical distribution of “Bing(并)～P”, and embodies the shaping effect of function on grammar.更多还原