【摘要】 目的 分析上海市社区老年人营养状况及影响因素，为采取健康干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样法，抽取上海市2017年1256名60岁以上老年人进行健康状况和膳食营养调查，通过身高及体重数据计算体质指数BMI，采用Logistic回归模型分析其营养状况的影响因素。结果 上海市老年人身体质量指数（BMI）中位数为23.90 kg/m~2，男性中位数为24.10 kg/m~2，女性中位数为23.70 kg/m~2;52.5%的老年人体重处于异常范围（消瘦2.7%、超重40.5%、肥胖9.3%）。Logistic回归分析显示，80岁以上的高龄老年人发生消瘦的风险增加；60～79岁的低龄老年人发生超重和肥胖的风险较高；同时，老年男性患超重的风险大于女性，而老年女性肥胖发生风险高于男性；大豆类食品摄入频次高是老年人超重的危险因素；家庭人均月收入>3500元、睡眠6～9 h、与家人居住在一起可以预测较低的老年人肥胖发生风险。结论 上海市老年人消瘦、超重及肥胖率均较高，年龄、性别、睡眠、收入、居住状态、大豆摄入频次均为老年人BMI水平的决定因素。应密切关注老年人的体重及营养现状，采取措施维护老年人的健康功能，提高老年人的健康水平。[营养学报，2023,45(4):359-365]更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the nutritional status and its influencing factors of the community elderly people in Shanghai and provide scientific basis in conducting health interventions for the elderly.Methods Using stratified random sampling method,1256 elderly people aged over 60 years in Shanghai were selected for a survey in 2017,including health status and dietary intakes,and BMI was calculated based on height and weight,and the influencing factors of the nutritional status were analyzed by unordered logistic regression model.Results The BMI median of elderly people in Shanghai was23.90 kg/m~2,in which 24.10 kg/m~2 for men and 23.70 kg/m~2 for women.There were 660 (52.5%) elderly people whose body weight was in the abnormal range (emaciation 2.7%,overweight 40.5%and obesity 9.3%).Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that older adults aged over 80 years had an increased risk of low weight and those aged from 60 to 79 years old had an increased risk of overweight and obesity.Also,men had a greater risk of being overweight than women,but older women were at higher risk of obesity than men.High frequency of soy intake was a risk factor for overweight in older adults.Monthly net income per capita>3500 Yuan,sleep duration of 6～9 hours,and living with family predicted lower risk of obesity among the elderly.Conclusion The rates of underweight,overweight,and obesity are high among the elderly in Shanghai,and age,gender,sleep,income,housing status,and frequency of soy intake are all determants of the BMI level of the elderly.Close attention should be paid to the current weight and nutritional status of the elderly,and measures should be taken to maintain or improve the health status of the elderly.[ACTA NUTRIMENTA SINICA,2023,45(4):359-365]更多还原