【摘要】 了解物种生境需求及其适宜生境的空间分布格局对物种保护具有重要意义.通过野外调查和文献检索获取国家一级重点野生保护动物中华秋沙鸭（Mergus squamatus）在其重要越冬地江西省的27个有效分布点，筛选出10个环境变量，运用MaxEnt最大熵模型预测中华秋沙鸭在江西省境内的潜在分布区.结果显示：模型训练集和测试集AUC值分别为0.866和0.874，表明预测精度较高，预测结果可信.影响中华秋沙鸭在江西省越冬分布的主导因子为海拔（38%）、归一化植被指数（26.1%）、最热月份最高温度（15.4%）、最暖季降水量（12.8%）以及平均日较差（5.1%）.中华秋沙鸭高适生河流主要为信江水系的上饶、鹰潭河段，饶河水系的上饶、景德镇河段，赣江水系的赣州、宜春、吉安河段，修河水系的九江、宜春河段，以及抚河水系的抚州河段.上述结果表明中华秋沙鸭的适宜生境集中于低海拔、气候温和且两岸植被盖度较高的水域；江西仍存在大面积保护空缺，建议采取措施保护和改善中华秋沙鸭生境质量.（图6表3参33）更多还原

【Abstract】 Understanding a species habitat requirements and the spatial distribution patterns of suitable habitats are key to species conservation. In this study, 27 valid distribution points for the scaly-sided merganser(Mergus squamatus), a national Class I key protected animal, were obtained from Jiangxi Province in China via field investigation and a literature search. Ten environmental variables were screened and a maximum entropy(Max Ent) model was used to predict the potential distribution areas of this species in Jiangxi. Results showed that the area under the curve(AUC) values of the training and test data were 0.866 and 0.874, respectively, indicating that the model had high prediction accuracy, and reliable results. The dominant factors affecting the geographical distribution of wintering scaly-sided mergansers in Jiangxi were: elevation(38%), normalized vegetation index(26.1%), maximum temperature of the warmest month(15.4%), precipitation of the warmest quarter(12.8%), and mean diurnal temperature range(5.1%).The most suitable areas for this species are the Shangrao and Yingtan reaches of the Xinjiang River system; Shangrao and Jingdezhen reaches of the Raohe River system; Ganzhou,Yichun, and Ji’an reaches of the Ganjiang River system; Jiujiang and Yichun reaches of the Xiuhe River; and Fuzhou reach of the Fuhe River system. Suitable habitats for scaly-sided mergansers were concentrated in river areas with low elevation, warm climate, and high vegetation coverage on both sides of the rivers. Jiangxi is the most important overwintering location for scaly-sided mergansers, but there are still large-scale protection gaps,and measures should be taken to protect and improve habitat quality for this species.更多还原