【摘要】 目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间青岛市公共场所从业人员的健康状况，并分析其影响因素。方法 采用简单随机抽样的方法，抽取2020-2021年青岛市的酒店、游泳馆、沐浴场所、商场、美容店、理发店、健身房和候车室8类公共场所的从业人员1 086人作为调查对象。对公共场所从业人员进行问卷调查，调查从业人员的基本情况、工作环境卫生状况、个人健康行为、个人健康状况、基础卫生知识、传染病防控知识等。采用多因素logistic回归方法分析从业人员健康状况的影响因素。结果 共调查青岛市公共场所从业人员1 086人，无不适症状者802人(73.8%),有不适症状者284人(26.2%)。不同人口学特征、工作环境卫生状况、个人健康行为、传染病防控知识的公共场所从业人员个人健康状况差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。女性(眼部症状O R=2.855,95%CI:1.730～4.712;呼吸系统症状O R=2.236,95%CI:1.391～3.593;其他症状O R=2.011,95%CI:1.342～3.014)、被动吸烟(眼部症状O R=1.592,95%CI:1.004～2.523;呼吸系统症状O R=2.589,95%CI:1.655～4.051;其他症状O R=1.876,95%CI:1.263～2.787)、饮酒(其他症状O R=2.291,95%CI:1.416～3.708)、11～19年工作年限(皮肤症状O R=2.341,95%CI:1.265～4.331)、每周工作6 d(其他症状O R=2.252,95%CI:1.561～3.248)、每周工作7 d(其他症状O R=2.019,95%CI:1.100～3.706)、环境潮湿(其他症状O R=2.764,95%CI:1.482～5.154)、通风效果较差(眼部症状O R=2.761,95%CI:1.425～5.353;呼吸系统症状O R=2.388,95%CI:1.205～4.734;皮肤症状O R=2.861,95%CI:1.249～6.553;其他症状O R=2.860,95%CI:1.580～5.177)、工作环境有霉味(眼部症状O R=3.734,95%CI:1.370～10.180;呼吸系统症状O R=4.777,95%CI:1.737～13.136)和有苍蝇老鼠或蟑螂(皮肤症状O R=3.520,95%CI:1.172～10.578)是从业人员出现不适症状的危险因素(P均<0.05)。主动办理健康证(眼部症状O R=0.404,95%CI:0.203～0.808;呼吸系统症状O R=0.441,95%CI:0.212～0.914;皮肤症状O R=0.308,95%CI:0.142～0.670)、主动佩戴防护手套(眼部症状O R=0.329,95%CI:0.211～0.514;呼吸系统症状O R=0.460,95%CI:0.284～0.746;皮肤症状O R=0.350,95%CI:0.196～0.625;其他症状O R=0.449,95%CI:0.296～0.682)、用洗手液或肥皂洗手(呼吸系统症状O R=0.118,95%CI:0.025～0.569;皮肤症状O R=0.135,95%CI:0.029～0.624;其他症状O R=0.102,95%CI:0.017～0.604)、主动制止吸烟行为(眼部症状O R=0.274,95%CI:0.149～0.505;呼吸系统症状O R=0.338,95%CI:0.180～0.635;皮肤症状O R=0.452,95%CI:0.211～0.968;其他症状O R=0.462,95%CI:0.256～0.836)是从业人员出现不适症状的保护因素(P均<0.05)。结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间青岛市公共场所从业人员不适症状的发生率不高。女性、被动吸烟、饮酒、11～19年工作年限、每周工作6 d和7 d、环境潮湿、通风效果较差、工作环境有霉味和有苍蝇老鼠或蟑螂是公共场所从业人员出现不适症状的危险因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the health status of workers in public places in Qingdao city during the epidemic of COVID-19 and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 1 086 employees in 8 types of public places, including hotels, swimming pools, bathing places, shopping malls, beauty shops, barber shops, gyms and waiting rooms in Qingdao city from January 2020 to December 2021.Take a questionnaire survey analysis of employees in public places, including basic information, hygienic status of workplace, personal health behavior, personal health status, knowledge of basic health, and knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control.And multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of health status of employees. Results A total of 1 086 employees were investigated, including 802(73.8%) without discomfort symptoms and 284(26.2%) with discomfort symptoms.There were statistically significant differences in the personal health status of employees in public places with different demographic characteristics, hygienic status of workplace, personal health behavior, and knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control(all P<0.05).Female(ocular symptoms: OR=2.855,95%CI:1.730-4.712;respiratory symptoms: OR=2.236,95%CI:1.391-3.593;other symptoms: OR=2.011,95%CI: 1.34-3.014),passive smoking(ocular symptoms: OR=1.592,95%CI:1.004-2.523;respiratory symptoms: OR=2.589,95%CI:1.655-4.051;other symptoms: OR=1.876,95%CI:1.263-2.787),alcohol drinking(other symptoms: OR=2.291,95%CI:1.416-3.708),11-19 years of service(skin symptoms: OR=2.341,95%CI:1.265-4.331),working time of 6 days per week(other symptoms: OR=2.252,95%CI:1.561-3.248),working time of 7 days per week(other symptoms: OR=2.019,95%CI:1.100-3.706),exposure to humid environment(other symptoms: OR=2.764,95%CI:1.482-5.154),poor ventilation(ocular symptoms: OR=2.761,95%CI:1.425-5.353;respiratory symptoms: OR=2.388,95%CI:1.205-4.734;skin symptoms: OR=2.861,95%CI: 1.249-6.553;other symptoms: OR=2.860,95%CI:1.580-5.177),musty smell(ocular symptoms: OR=3.734,95%CI:1.370-10.180;respiratory symptoms: OR=4.777,95%CI:1.737-13.136) and workplace with flies mice or cockroaches(skin symptoms: OR=3.520,95%CI:1.172-10.578) were the risk factors of health among employees in public places(all P<0.05).While taking the initiative to apply for a health certificate(ocular symptoms: OR=0.404,95%CI:0.203-0.808;respiratory symptoms: OR=0.441,95%CI: 0.212-0.914;skin symptoms: OR=0.308,95%CI:0.142-0.670),actively wearing of protective gloves at work(ocular symptoms: OR=0.329,95%CI:0.211-0.514;respiratory symptoms: OR=0.460,95%CI:0.284-0.746;skin symptoms: OR=0.350,95%CI:0.196-0.625;other symptoms: OR=0.449,95%CI:0.296-0.682),wash hands with hand sanitizer or soap(respiratory symptoms: OR=0.118,95%CI:0.025-0.569;skin symptoms: OR=0.135,95%CI:0.029-0.624;other symptoms: OR=0.102,95%CI:0.017-0.604),and stop smoking(ocular symptoms: OR=0.274,95%CI:0.149-0.505;respiratory symptoms: OR=0.338,95%CI:0.180-0.635;skin symptoms: OR=0.452,95%CI:0.211-0.968;other symptoms: OR=0.462,95%CI:0.256-0.836) were protective factors for the health of employees(all P<0.05). Conclusion During the epidemic period, the incidence of discomfort symptoms among employees in public places in Qingdao city was lower.Female, passive smoking, alcohol drinking, 11-19 years of service, working time of 6 or 7 days per week, exposure to humid environment, poor ventilation, musty smell, workplace with flies mice or cockroaches-were the risk factors for the occurrence of discomfort symptoms.更多还原