【摘要】 目的 调查大连市中学生校园欺凌行为的特点，分析校园欺凌行为的家庭影响因素并发现重点人群，提出有效干预措施。方法 2020年10-11月，采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法，抽取大连市1 423名中学生，调查过去12个月校园欺凌的发生情况，调查内容包括基本信息及学生健康行为调查表(包括躯体欺凌、言语欺凌、关系欺凌、网络欺凌)。采用AMOS 22.0建立结构方程模型，对校园欺凌相关影响因素的作用途径和作用效应进行分析。结果 大连市中学生遭受校园欺凌报告率为10.8%(154/1 423)。非独生子女中学生遭受躯体欺凌的发生率(4.3%)高于独生子女中学生(2.4%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.047);在家庭中经常受到责罚的中学生遭受躯体欺凌、言语欺凌、关系欺凌率高于从不、偶尔受到责罚的中学生(χ~2=42.906,P<0.001);学习成绩在班级前茅的学生遭受躯体欺凌、言语欺凌、关系欺凌率均低于在班级中占中上、中等、中下、后面的学生(χ~2=50.537,P<0.001)。结构方程模型结果显示，母亲文化程度(P=0.049)、父亲文化程度(P=0.029)、家庭经济情况(P<0.001)、BMI水平(P=0.033)能够通过影响学习成绩从而影响中学生遭受欺凌(间接作用大小分别是-0.002、-0.002、-0.006、0.005),家庭氛围能够通过影响合理化解释(P<0.001)、寻求社会支持(P<0.001)从而影响中学生遭受欺凌(间接作用大小分别为-0.024、-0.045)。结论 非独生子女、遭受家庭责罚的学生是防止校园欺凌行为发生的重点防控人群，良好的家庭氛围和提高学习成绩对于预防校园欺凌具有积极作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the characteristics of school bullying among secondary school students in Dalian city, and analyze the family influences on school bullying and identify key populations, so as to propose effective intervention measures. Methods In October-November 2020,1 423 secondary school students in Dalian city were selected using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling to investigate the occurrence of school bullying in the past 12 months, which included basic information and the Student Health Behavior Questionnaire(including physical bullying, verbal bullying, relational bullying, and cyberbullying).AMOS 22.0 was used to develop structural equation modeling to analyze the pathways and effects of influences related to bullying in schools. Results The reported rate of school bullying among secondary school students in Dalian city was 10.8%(154/1 423).The incidence of physical bullying among non-only children(4.3%) was higher than that among only children(2.4%)(P=0.047);The rates of physical bullying, verbal bullying, relationship bullying were higher among secondary school students who were frequently punished at home than among those who were never and occasionally punished(χ~2=42.906,P<0.001);Students whose academic performance was on the top of the class experienced physical bullying, verbal bullying, and relationship bullying less frequently than students who were not on the top of the class(χ~2=50.537,P<0.01).The structural model results showed that level of maternal education(P=0.049),father’s education(P=0.029),family economic situation(P<0.001),BMI(P=0.033) were able to influence the secondary school students’ bullying by influencing their academic performance(indirect effect sizes=-0.002,-0.002,-0.006,and 0.005,respectively),and the family climate was able to affect “rationalized explanation”(P<0.001) by influencing “seeking social support”(P<0.001),thereby influenced bullying among secondary school students(indirect effect sizes=-0.024,-0.045,respectively). Conclusion Non-only children and students who suffer family punishment are the focal population for preventing the occurrence of school bullying behaviors, and a good family atmosphere and improved academic performance have a positive effect on preventing school bullying.更多还原