【摘要】 目的 了解2014—2021年湖北省鄂州市外环境禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)分布情况及相关职业暴露人群感染状况，为鄂州市防控人感染禽流感疫情提供依据。方法 2014—2021年鄂州市3个区的4类场所，5种类型外环境标本，采用荧光定量PCR方法对标本进行A型、H5亚型、H7亚型、H9亚型流感病毒检测，同时采集禽流感职业暴露人群血清标本，使用红细胞凝集抑制实验法检测禽流感病毒H5N6、H7N9、H9N2抗体，采用描述性流行病学方法对检测结果进行统计分析。结果 2014—2021年鄂州市采集禽流感外环境标本2 187份，检出流感病毒A型(Influenza virus type A,FluA)阳性标本645份，阳性率为29.49%;以H9亚型和H5+H9混合型为主，分别占50.39%和17.36%。鄂城区禽流感病毒检出阳性率最高(38.41%),梁子湖区最低(11.92%)。4类场所中城乡活禽市场禽流感病毒检出阳性率最高(46.60%)。5种类型外环境标本中，清洗禽类污水禽流感病毒检出阳性率最高(46.09%)。时间分布，第1季度(39.09%)和第4季度(34.52%)禽流感病毒检出阳性率较高，第3季度最低(6.43%)。不同地区、场所、标本类型、季度的标本禽流感病毒阳性检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2014—2021年鄂州市720份职业暴露人群血清标本，检出6份H9N2抗体阳性。结论 2014—2021年鄂州市外环境禽流感病毒以H9亚型和H5+H9混合型为主，职业暴露人群存在少量H9N2无症状感染者，应持续加强对鄂城区城乡活禽市场的监管，加大冬春季外环境禽流感病毒监测力度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the distribution of Avian influenza virus in the external environment of Ezhou City, Hubei Province from 2014 to 2021 and the infection status of relevant occupationally exposed population, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of human avian influenza outbreaks in Ezhou City.Methods From 2014 to 2021,specimens from 4 types of premises and 5 types of external environment in 3 districts of Ezhou City were tested for influenza A,H5,H7 and H9 subtypes by fluorescent quantitative PCR,while serum samples from occupationally exposed population, were collected to detect antibodies to H5N6,H7N9 and H9N2 of Avian influenza viruses by erythrocyte agglutination inhibition test.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to statistically analyze the detection results.Results From 2014 to 2021,645 Influenza virus type A(FluA) positive samples were detected, with a positive rate of 29.49%,among 2 187 samples collected from the external environment of Ezhou City.Among them, H9 subtype and mixed H5+H9 type were predominant, accounting for 50.39% and 17.36%,respectively.The positive rate was the highest in Echeng District(38.41%) and the lowest in Liangzihu District(11.92%).Among the specimens from 4 kinds of premises, the positive rate in urban and rural live poultry markets was the highest(46.60%).Among the specimens from 5 types of external environment, the positive rate was the highest(46.09%) in the washing poultry sewage.In terms of time distribution, the positive rate was higher in the 1st quarter(39.09%) and the 4th quarter(34.52%),and the lowest in the 3rd quarter(6.43%).There were significant differences in the positive detection rates of samples in different regions, premises, sample types and quarters(all P<0.001).From 2014 to 2021,6 samples were positive for H9N2 antibodies among 720 serum samples of occupationally exposed population.Conclusion From 2014 to 2021,the Avian influenza virus in the external environment of Ezhou City is mainly H9 subtype and mixed H5+H9 type, and a small number of asymptomatic H9N2 infections existed in the occupationally exposed population, which should continue to strengthen the supervision of urban and rural live poultry markets in Ezhou City, and enhance surveillance of Avian influenza virus in the external environment in winter and spring.更多还原