【摘要】 砌筑式窑洞由于安全可靠、美观舒适，能就地取材等优点，是陕北黄土高原农村地区最为青睐的住宅形式。然而，窑洞在建造时全凭前人传承下的经验，没有正规的设计理论和计算方法指导，尤其是窑洞拱圈厚度、窑腿宽度的确定，因此，窑洞结构安全问题及受力情况备受关注。为了对砌筑式圆弧拱窑洞进行结构受力分析，先将此窑洞结构中的拱圈部分采用两铰拱力学计算模型，基于结构力学中的力法原理，推导出窑洞圆弧拱圈统一的内力计算公式，以明确窑洞拱圈的内力分布；再与传统的三铰拱计算模型受力结果进行比较，验证拱圈采用两种计算简图的适用性和可靠性；最后在陕北窑洞调研数据基础上，依据拱圈内力结果进行拱圈厚度和窑腿宽度的设计。研究结果可为窑洞建筑的设计、建造及保护加固提供一些理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Masonry cave dwelling is the most popular residential form in rural areas of loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi province because of its advantages of safety, reliability, convenient transportation, beauty and coziness, and local materials. However, there is no formal design theory and calculation method, especially the determination of the thickness of the cave-dwelling arch ring and the width of the cave-dwelling legs. Therefore, the structural safety issues and force conditions of the cave dwellings are of great concern. In order to carry out structural force analysis of the masonry arc arch cave-dwelling, the two-hinged arch mechanics model was firstly used to calculate the internal force of the arch ring in masonry cave-dwelling structure. And based on the principle of force method in structural mechanics, a unified internal force calculation formula of the arc arch ring was deduced to clarify the internal force distribution of the arch ring in cave-dwelling structure. Compared with the conventional three-hinged arch calculation model, the applicability and reliability of the two calculation diagrams were verified. Finally, on the basis of the investigation data of the cave-dwelling in northern Shaanxi, the thickness of the cave-dwelling arch ring and the width of the cave-dwelling legs were calculated according to the results of internal force calculation. The research results are expected to provide reference for the design, construction, protection and reinforcement of cave dwellings.更多还原