【摘要】 南岭是我国花岗岩研究程度最高的地区。特别是由于这一地区花岗岩与钨、锡、铌、钽、锆、铪、铜、钼、铅、锌、银、铋、锑、铀、锂、铍、稀土等金属成矿作用关系密切而受到国内外学术界关注。一般认为，南岭花岗岩及相关的成矿作用与花岗岩浆的高度结晶分异作用有关，但高分异作用发生的原因却并不明确。本文通过详细梳理南岭中生代燕山早期花岗岩的特征提出，这些花岗岩的结晶分异作用表现为岩浆房内晶粥体和残留岩浆的长期不断分凝。区内大面积的粗粒似斑状花岗岩为岩浆房早期结晶的堆晶体(主体)，而晚期细粒花岗岩则为残留的高硅熔体(补体)。岩浆房发生充分结晶分异作用受控于两个因素:其一是岩浆房自身在演化过程中不断受到来自深部热的补给，使岩浆房内富含金属元素的残留熔体不断发生抽离，并向上运移。花岗岩体顶端的伟晶岩壳是保证抽离的熔体在近封闭环境下不断发生分异的另一个重要因素。这些特征使得南岭花岗岩的分异机制明显有别于喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩，后者以沿大型拆离断层就位并发生分异结晶为主要机制，两者可分别归类为热驱动分异和构造驱动分异类型，构成高分异花岗岩发生的两大重要机制。未来应结合锂资源的国家重大战略需求，对南岭地区高分异花岗岩，特别是晚期钨锡铌钽成矿花岗岩展开全面检查与评价，着重研究铁锂云母花岗岩及云英岩的岩石序列、矿物演变、金属元素富集和岩浆储存机制等，使南岭花岗岩与成矿作用研究再上新台阶。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the mostly studied region of granite in China, Nanling Range in South China is extremely attractive for its close relationship of granite with mieralizations of W, Sn, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Bi, Sb, U, Li, Be, REE, etc. It was generally thought that the above mineralizations were related to the highly fractionation of granitic magma, although the fractionation mechanism was not well understood. After summarizing the various characteristics from field investigation, and combining those indoors mineralogical and geochemical observations, it was suggested that the Mesozoic Yanshanian granites displayed a long-term and even continuous separation of crystal and residual melt within a magma chamber. The coarse-grained porphyritic granite is interpreted as the early cumulate crystallized during magma evolution, whereas the fine-grained granite as the residual high-silica melt after crystal fractionation. It was proposed that the above crystal-melt separation was controlled by two factors. One is the continuous input of mafic or new set of magma from below, which mobilized the mostly crystallized mush and triggered upward movement of the intergranular and metal-rich melt. Another is the marginal pegmatite(stockscheider) cover that prevented the lost of volatiles and maintained a sufficient fractional crystallization of magma within a close chamber. All these features make the Nanling granite much different from those of the Himalayan leucogranite that was similarly fractionated, but was formed by magma movement along a large scale of ductile detachment fault. Therefore, the Nanling Range granite and Himalayan leucogranite can be classified into thermal-and structural-driven end-members, respectively, in terms of highly fractionation mechanism of granitic magma. It is expected that an overall examination and evaluation should be conducted in the future to those late stage of highly fractionated granites, in order to meet the increasing demand for critical mineral resources. Especially, by deciphering the lithological sequence, mineralogical variation and evolution, metal enrichment and magma storage of the zinnwaldite-bearing granite and related greisen, a new step could be made up for the studies of the Nanling granite and its connection to the various mineralizations.更多还原