【摘要】 为探明水温变化对花岗岩热冲击过程的影响，基于热冲击传热理论，设计并进行不同热源温度下的恒温对流加热试验，通过理论推导及数据分析，获得如下结论：(1)高温花岗岩在处于常温未沸腾状态的水中热冲击冷却时，温度梯度和热冲击破裂程度随着水温的增大而减小；在沸水中热冲击冷却时，温度梯度和热冲击破裂程度显著大于在常温未沸腾水中热冲击时。(2)试验证明沸水的对流换热系数比常温未沸腾水大一个数量级以上。高温花岗岩在0℃～100℃范围的水中热冲击冷却时，由于沸腾导致的对流换热系数剧变对热冲击的影响显著大于热冲击温度差和岩石材料导热系数造成的影响；(3)在实际工程中，通过改变流体介质的对流换热系数，而非改变材料导热系数和温度差，来增强或避免热冲击破裂现象，是更加经济、节能、有效的方法。研究成果为花岗岩热冲击破裂的精细刻画做出贡献，同时为涉及热冲击破裂的实际工程提供指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the effect of water temperature on the thermal shock process of granite at high temperature,based on the heat shock heat transfer theory,the constant temperature convection heating experiments with different heat source temperatures were designed and conducted. Through theoretical derivation and data analysis,the following conclusions were obtained:(1) high temperature granite in unboiling water thermal shock cooling,temperature gradient and thermal shock rupture decrease with increasing water temperature. When thermal shock cooling in boiling water,the temperature gradient and thermal shock rupture are significantly greater than in the case of thermal shock in unboiling water at any temperature.(2) The experimental results prove that the convective heat transfer coefficient of boiling water is greater than that of unboiling water by more than one order of magnitude. When the high temperature granite is cooled by thermal shock in water(0 ℃–100 ℃),the effect of the dramatic change of convective heat transfer coefficient due to boiling on thermal shock is significantly greater than that caused by temperature difference and thermal conductivity of rock material.(3) In engineering,it is more economical,energy efficient and effective to enhance or avoid thermal shock rupture by changing the convective heat transfer coefficient of fluid medium rather than changing the material thermal conductivity and temperature difference. This study contributes to the fine characterization of thermal shock rupture of rock materials and also provides guidance for engineering involving thermal shock rupture.更多还原