【摘要】 19世纪70年代以来，公立中学与大学的衔接问题引发美国教育界的激烈争论。其中，最早的一次规模化、组织化的争论是围绕1873年的《麦考什报告》产生的。争论的焦点在于是否应该让公立中学成为相互衔接的教育阶梯上的中间环节，使其承担为大学输送生源的预备教育任务。《麦考什报告》及其争论揭开了美国公立中学与大学衔接行动的序幕。进入19世纪80年代，传统学院现代转型的迫切需要与公立中学迅速崛起的客观现实，使加强中学与大学衔接的理念成为教育界的基本共识。通过各方努力，兼具职业性和学术性的综合中学成为美国中学的标准类型，围绕中学与大学衔接产生的争论告一段落。美国加强中学与大学衔接的历史经验为中国的中学与大学教育衔接工作提供以下启示：重视发挥大学校长的呼吁和引领作用；充分调动民间教育组织和团体的参与力量；教育阶段的独立性是教育衔接的基础和前提。更多还原

【Abstract】 The issue whether public high schools should serve a college preparation function aroused much controversy in the U.S. in the 1970s,when traditional college prep schools(including the Latin Grammar School and the Academy),ceased to serve as an adequate source of supply of properly trained youth for higher education institutions. At the center of the controversy was the “McCosh Report”(1873),the earliest effort to establish articulation between public high schools and universities in the U.S. The report was given by James McCosh(1811-1894),then-president of Princeton University,to the National Education Association of the U.S.,a non-governmental organization committed to advancing the cause of public education. In the 1980s and 1990s,with the rapid rise of public high schools across the country and the evolution of U.S. higher education institutions from elite colleges into modern universities,there emerged a strong consensus among stakeholders in education sector about strengthening the articulation between public high schools and universities. Consequently,public high schools started to assume college preparation as one of their major(but not exclusive)functions. Ever since then,public high schools,which prepare students for both career and college,have become the prevailing secondary schools in the U.S. Several lessons can be drawn from the American experience: 1)university presidents and non-governmental organizations can play significant roles in promoting the articulation between secondary and higher education; 2)despite its importance,articulation should not be the sole and overarching role of public high schools,because they are tax-supported,free for all,and hence not affiliated to,but independent from colleges and universities.更多还原