【摘要】 铁皮石斛附生基质和微生物多样性对其生态栽培具有重要意义，为探明附生基质对铁皮石斛根际微生物的影响，采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，结合OTU分析、Alpha多样性分析和主成分分析，对附石(野生附石，仿野生附石)和附树(野生附树2种，仿野生附杉木、马尾松)2类6种附生基质的铁皮石斛根际微生物的生物多样性和差异性，群落结构与功能类型进行研究。结果显示：不同附生基质的铁皮石斛根际微生物共鉴定出细菌27个门79个纲180个目298个科523个属；真菌5个门14个纲38个目77个科104个属。Alpha多样性分析表明，根际细菌群落多样性和丰富度显著高于根际真菌，而野生环境的细菌和真菌多样性高于仿野生栽培环境。在门分类水平上，细菌优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),真菌优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。Tax4Fun细菌群落功能预测显示，细菌均以代谢功能为主；FUNGuild真菌群落功能预测显示，均以病理营养型和腐生营养型为主，附生基质与铁皮石斛根际微生物群落功能密切相关。研究结果为铁皮石斛品质差异形成机制研究及附生基质的选择提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dendrobium officinale is a plant with high medicinal value.However, due to harsh natural habitats and human activities, the wild D.officinale resources are on the brink of depletion.A study was conducted on the diversity and differences of rhizosphere microorganisms in D.officinale with different epiphytic matrices to explore the effects of epiphytic matrices on rhizosphere microorganisms in D.officinale,this experiment used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, combined with OTU analysis, Alpha diversity analysis, and principal component analysis, we conducted a study on the biodiversity and differences in the rhizosphere microbiota of iron plaque D.officinale roots, using two categories of epiphytic substrates: attached rocks(including wild attached rocks and simulated wild attached rocks)and attached trees(including two types of wild attached trees, Imitating Wild Epiphytic Cunninghamia lanceolata and Imitating Wild Epiphytic Pinus massoniana).The study focused on the community structure and functional types.The results indicate that: A total of 27 phyla, 79 classes, 180 orders, 298 families, and 523 genera of bacteria were identified in the rhizosphere of D.officinale with different epiphytic substrates; Fungi have 5 phyla, 14 classes, 38 orders, 77 families, and 104 genera.Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness of rhizosphere bacterial communities were significantly higher than those of rhizosphere fungi, while the diversity of bacteria and fungi in wild environments was higher than that in simulated wild cultivation environments.At the phylum classification level, the dominant phyla of bacteria are Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, while the dominant phyla of fungi are Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.The prediction of Tax4Fun bacterial community function shows that bacteria mainly have metabolic function; FUNGuild fungal community function prediction shows that both pathological and saprophytic trophic types are dominant, and the epiphytic matrix is closely related to the rhizosphere microbial community function of D.officinale.更多还原