【摘要】 先秦至今的中国教育历史演进，在历时态上，总体趋向是从传统走向现代，具有变的趋向性和阶段性、变的绝对性和共通性特点。在共时态上，中国传统教育的优势在于人文化成、天下大同的教育大道，内求诸心、外求于行的教育大法，读书仕进、考试分流的教育大律；弱征在于重守成、识记、文艺、自学，忽视变革创新、独立思考、经世致用、制度安排。中国现代教育的优势在于对闭关锁国守旧思想的摒弃，对现代科学技术的重视，对民主平等自由精神的追求；弱征在于参照对象变更太快，移植倾向较为明显，自主意识几近迷失。中国教育历史演进的运行基础具有经济基础的农业性、政治基础的多族性、文化基础的儒家性三个特点；文化基础则由中国传统文化、西方现代文化、中国独特革命文化构成。更多还原

【Abstract】 The historical evolution of Chinese education from the pre-Qin dynasty to the present is characterized by the overall tendency to move from tradition to modernity, with the characteristics of tendency and stage of change, absolute and commonality of change. The strength of traditional Chinese education lies in the educational principle of humanistic culture and the commonwealth of the world, the education law of seeking the heart from within and seeking the action from outside, and the education law of studying for advancement and examinations for diversion; the weakness lies in the emphasis on compliance, literacy, literature and self-learning, and the neglect of innovation, independent thinking, worldly application and institutional arrangement. The strengths of modern Chinese education lie in the abandonment of old-fashioned self-seclusion ideas, the emphasis on modern science and technology, and the pursuit of the spirit of democracy, equality, and freedom; the weaknesses lie in the rapid change of reference objects, the obvious tendency of transplantation, and the near loss of the sense of autonomy. The historical evolution of Chinese education has taken on 3 characters: the agricultural nature of the economic basis, the multi-ethnic nature of the political basis, and the Confucian nature of the cultural basis. Its cultural background consists of traditional Chinese culture, western modern culture and the distinctive Chinese revolutionary culture.更多还原