【摘要】 目的：检验社会排斥感对集体项目和个人项目运动员合作认知和个人认知表现的影响。方法：招募44名集体项目运动员和40名个人项目运动员，随机分为社会排斥干预组和控制组，社会排斥干预组通过回忆情境排斥任务诱发运动员的社会排斥感。两组均测量合作动机，并采用双人合作多目标追踪任务，全面评价运动员的合作认知和个人认知表现。结果：双因素方差分析结果显示，1）合作认知表现：社会排斥干预组和控制组的团队分数[F(1,38)=7.189,P=0.011,η_p~2=0.163]及团队交集正确追踪个数[F(1,38)=7.699,P=0.009,η_p~2=0.172]均存在显著性差异；个人项目运动员和集体项目运动员的团队分数[F(1,38)=4.911,P=0.033,η_p~2=0.117]和团队正确追踪个数[F(1,38)=8.689,P=0.003,η_p~2=0.190]存在显著差异；2）个人认知表现：社会排斥干预组和控制组的个人分数[F(1,80)=2.879,P=0.094,η_p~2=0.035]及个人正确追踪个数[F(1,80)=0.188,P=0.666,η_p~2=0.002]均不存在显著性差异，个人项目运动员和集体项目运动员的个人分数[F(1,80)=6.045,P=0.016,η_p~2=0.070]及个人正确追踪个数[F(1,80)=4.604,P=0.035,η_p~2=0.054]均存在显著性差异。结论：社会排斥会降低运动员的合作认知行为，但不影响运动员个人的多目标追踪能力；个人多目标追踪表现与其团队绩效之间存在正向相关关系；相较于个人项目，集体项目运动员具备更强的多目标追踪能力，其团队合作认知表现更好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the impact of social exclusion on cooperation and individual cogni-tion of athletes participating in team or individual sports.Methods A total of 44 team-sports athletes and 40 individual sports ones were recruited and randomly assigned to a social exclusion intervention group or a control group.The former group experienced a sense of social exclusion by recalling previ-ous events in which he/she was socially excluded in their training and daily life.Cooperative motiva-tion was measured in both groups,and their cooperation and individual cognition were assessed using a two-person cooperative multiple-object tracking task.Results According to a two-way ANOVA,signif-icant differences were found in team scores of cooperation[(1,37)=7.189,P=0.011,η_p~2=0.163]and the number of correct team intersection tracking[F(1,37)=7.699,P=0.009,η_p~2=0.172]between the so-cial exclusion and control groups,as well as between individual and team-sports athletes[F(1,37)=4.911,P=0.033,η_p~2=0.117;F(1,37)=8.689,P=0.003,η_p~2=0.190].As far as the individual cognition was concerned,no significant differences were detected in individual scores[F(1,80)=2.879,P=0.094,η_p~2=0.035]or the number of correct tracking[F(1,80)=0.188,P=0.666,η_p~2=0.002]between the social exclusion and control groups.However,significant differences were found correspondingly[F(1,80)=6.045,P=0.016,η_p~2=0.070;F(1,80)=4.604,P=0.035,η_p~2=0.054]between individual and team sports athletes.Conclusions Social exclusion can lower athletes’cooperative and cognitive perfor-mance without affecting their multiple-object tracking ability.Moreover,there is a positive correlation between individual and team multiple-object tracking performance.The team-sports athletes are superi-or to individual ones in their multiple-object tracking performance,as well as the cooperative and cog-nitive performance.更多还原