【摘要】 目的：探讨男子排球运动员扣球起跳能力特征，及其与下肢肌群不同类型的拉长–缩短周期（SSC）运动能力间的关系。方法：选取省队以上水平男子排球高水平运动员84名，大学生男子排球高水平运动员118名，共计202名运动员作为本研究的受试者。受试者均完成1步助跑（SPJ1）和3步助跑的扣球起跳（SPJ3）动作测试；同时，在三维测力台上进行下蹲跳（CMJ）和连续反弹跳（RJ）测试，并计算出扣球起跳高度（SPJ-H）、下蹲跳高度（CMJ-H）、连续反弹跳高度（RJ-H）以及反应力量系数（RJ-index）等生物力学指标。采用Person相关分析计算SPJ1与SPJ3跳跃高度与下蹲跳和连续反弹跳跳跃能力间的关系，并采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差（One-ANOVA）分析，分别比较不同水平和不同场上位置运动员CMJ和RJ跳跃能力指标间的差异。结果：（1）专业运动员CMJ-H、RJ-index、SPJ1-H和SPJ3-H均显著高于大学生运动员（P<0.01）;(2)SPJ1-H和SPJ3-H与CMJ-H、RJ-index间均存在显著性正相关（P<0.01），且CMJ-H与RJ-index间也存在显著性正相关（P<0.01）;(3)根据CMJ-H与RJ-index间回归直线残差的±1SD，将跳跃类型分为CMJ型、中间型和RJ型，在不同场上位置的人数偏倚程度存在显著性差异（χ2=14.67,P<0.05），副攻手中CMJ型的运动员占多数，主攻手中RJ型运动员占多数，自由人和二传手中CMJ型和RJ型两者间的人数相当。（4）RJ型运动员SPJ1-H和SPJ3-H显著高于CMJ型和中间型（P<0.01）。结论：下蹲跳和反弹跳能力是影响排球运动扣球能力的重要构成因素，随着运动员竞技水平的提高，反弹跳能力逐渐占据主导地位；运动员跳跃类型因场上位置有所不同，就副攻手而言，短助跑起跳扣球能力占主导地位，而对主攻手而言，由于需要充分的助跑进行起跳扣球，下肢进行弹振式拉长–缩短周期运动的跳跃能力则占主导地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the characteristics of spiking take-off ability of male volleyball players,and its relationship to different types of stretch-shortening cycle(SSC) movements. Methods Totally 202 subjects,including 84 volleyball players from the provincial team and 118 high-level volleyball players from universities were selected. All subjects underwent the spike jump(SPJ) with 1-step and 3-step approach. At the same time,counter movement Jump(CMJ) and continuous rebound jump(RJ)were tested on the three-dimensional force platform,and the biomechanical indexes such as the spike jump height(SPJ-H),counter movement jump(CMJ-H),continuous rebound jump height(RJ-H) and rebound jump index(RJ-index) were calculated. Person correlation analysis was used to calculate the relationship of SPJ1and SPJ3jump height to the CMJ and RJ ability. Meanwhile,the independent sample t test and one-way variance(One-ANOVA) analysis were used to compare the differences between CMJ and RJ ability of athletes at different levels and court positions. Results(1)The average CMJ-H,RJ-index,SPJ1-H and SPJ3-H of elite athletes were significantly higher than college athletes(P<0.01).(2)The average SPJ1-H and SPJ3-H were of significant positive correlation to the average CMJ-H and RJ-index,so was CMJ-H to RJ-index.(3)According to the residual±1SD of the linear regression between CMJ-H and RJ-index,the jump types were classified into CMJ type,intermediate type and RJ type,and there were significant differences in the degree of bias in the number of jump types at different positions（χ~2=14.67,P<0.05）. To be more specific,the middle blockers and left strikers were mainly of CMJ and RJ,while liberos and setters were equally of CMJ and RJ.(4)SPJ1-H and SPJ3-H of RJ-type sportsmen were significantly higher than those of CMJ-and intermediate type ones(P<0.01). Conclusion Spiking take-off ability of volleyball players are significantly affected by CMJ and RJ ability. With the improvement of competitive level,the RJ ability gradually dominates. Athletes’ jumping type varies with their positions: for the middle blocker, the jumping ability with short approach is dominant,while for the wing strikers,as sufficient approach and take-off is needed,their jumping of the ballistic stretch-shortening cycle(BSSC) movement with the lower-limb muscles is dominant.更多还原