【摘要】 近年来随着开采的含锗矿石品位下降，生产的含锗烟尘品位降低，导致氯化精馏提锗过程的试剂消耗量增加、环保压力加大。以云南临沧某厂生产的含锗烟尘为研究对象，通过还原挥发、循环浸出、中和沉淀等工序对其中的锗进行富集。采用X射线衍射仪和原子吸收光谱仪分析了原料以及产物的物相组成和元素含量，分析了富集过程各因素对锗富集率的影响。结果表明，适合于工业化生产的最佳工艺参数为：焙烧温度1 100℃、还原剂量12.5%、试剂浓度20%、水浴温度80℃、溶液酸碱度pH=3以及沉淀剂量20倍。在上述优化工艺条件下，含锗烟尘经过还原挥发、循环浸出、中和沉淀工艺流程后，锗品位由0.97%提升到28.56%,富集倍数达到29.4倍，锗回收率达到96.49%。采用本工艺从含锗烟尘中提取锗是可行的，且具有锗回收率高，环境污染小，流程较短，成本较低等优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the declining grade of the mined germanium-containing ores has led to a decrease in the grade of germanium-containing dust, resulting in increased consumption of reagents and environmental pressure in the process of germanium extraction by chlorination distillation.Taking the germanium-containing dust produced by a factory in Lincang, Yunnan, as the research object, germanium from it was enriched through processes of reduction volatilization, cyclic leaching, and neutralizing precipitation.X-ray diffractometer and atomic absorption spectrometer were used to analyze the phase composition and element content of raw materials and products, and the influence of various factors on the germanium enrichment rate during the enrichment process was also investigated.The results show that the optimal process para-meters for industrial production include a roasting temperature of 1 100 ℃,a reductant dosage of 12.5%,a reagent concentration of 20%,a water bath temperature of 80 ℃,a liquid pH of 3,and a precipitation do-sage of 20 times.Under such optimized conditions, the germanium grade increases from 0.97% to 28.56% after reduction volatilization, cyclic leaching, and neutralization precipitation of the germanium-containing dust, with an enrichment factor reaching 29.4 times and a germanium recovery rate of 96.49%.The extraction of germanium from germanium-containing dust using this process is feasible and offers advantages of high germanium recovery rate, low environmental pollution, short process duration, and low cost.更多还原