【摘要】 科学数据确权是推进社会发展的重要举措。从科学数据权界定的原则、科学数据多主体之间的权利分配两个方面对科学数据确权进行阐述。关于科学数据权界定，提出4项原则，即数据来源的多寡、编排方式是否具有独创性、付出劳动量的大小以及数据复用的可能性。关于科学数据多主体之间的权利分配，则参照马克思主义地租理论，将科学数据的权属划分为绝对权益和级差权益。绝对权益应由科研资助投资方、科研机构所属，级差权益应由数据创作者所属。更多还原

【Abstract】 The confirmation of scientific data rights is an important measure to promote social development, which needs to consider two levels: 1. The principle of defining scientific data rights; 2. Distribution of rights among multiple subjects of scientific data. For the definition of scientific data rights, this paper proposes four principles: the number of data sources, whether the arrangement method is original, the amount of labor invested and the possibility of data reuse. For the allocation of rights among multiple subjects of scientific data, referring to Marxist land rent theory, the ownership of scientific data is divided into absolute rights and extreme rights. Absolute rights should belong to scientific research funding investors and scientific research institutions, while extreme rights should belong to data creators.更多还原