【摘要】 由于物质成瘾者的跨期决策缺陷在成瘾行为发生、发展及戒断预后中的重要作用，其已成为成瘾研究中的一个靶向干预目标。研究旨在检验提示潜在机会成本能否有效改善男性海洛因戒断者的跨期决策。两个实验分别选取男性海洛因戒断者30名与27名，让其在提示潜在机会成本和未提示潜在机会成本两种决策条件下，分别完成金钱跨期决策任务与海洛因-金钱跨类别延迟折扣任务。结果发现，提示潜在机会成本可以显著减少男性海洛因戒断者在金钱跨期决策任务中选择即时金钱奖赏的数量，但未能显著降低其在海洛因-金钱跨类别延迟折扣任务中的延迟折扣水平。研究结果表明，提示潜在机会成本可以改善男性海洛因戒断者在金钱跨期决策中的短视倾向，但无法改善其在海洛因-金钱跨类别跨期决策中的短视倾向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deficiency of intertemporal decision-making was the behavioral marker in substance addicts. Results from longitudinal studies indicated that deficiency of intertemporal decision-making in substance addicts may play a significant role both during the beginning, development, withdrawal,and prognosis phases in addiction. Researchers are interested in understanding how to improve the intertemporal decision-making in substance addicts.Compared to traditional ways, episodic future thinking(EFT) showed promising results. However, EFT deeply depends on the active efforts from addicts to think of some cues about future. Because of this kind of demanding, the actual improving effects from EFT is limited for this population.Besides, researchers have found that the intertemporal decision-making could be improved by only explicating the potential opportunity cost of both sooner but smaller(SS) reward option and larger but longer(LL) reward option, which was labeled as the hidden-zero effect.To verify whether the deficiency of intertemporal decision-making in substance addicts could be improved by explicating the potential opportunity cost of both options in intertemporal decision-making, two experiments were designed. Experiment 1 employed the monetary intertemporal decision-making task, and recruited 30 male heroin abstainers. The results showed that compared to the hidden-zero condition in which the opportunity cost of both options in intertemporal decision-making were not explicated, the number of SS chosen by these male heroin abstainers was significantly lower in explicit-zero condition in which the opportunity cost of both options in intertemporal decision-making were explicated. Experiment 2employed the cross-commodity delay discounting task which use heroin as immediate reward option and money as delayed reward option, and recruited 27 male heroin abstainers. The results showed that the delay discounting levels indicated by area under curve(AUC) of these male heroin abstainers were not significantly different in the explicit-zero and the hidden-zero conditions.Explicating the potential opportunity cost of both options in intertemporal decision-making may extend the temporal horizon of heroin abstainers and augmented their far-sighted system of intertemporal decision-making, they could pay more attention to the high reward value of LL which may be less noticed in hidden-zero condition. The relative subjective reward value of SS may decrease when the reward value of LL was more considered.Finally, it led to the less number of SS chosen by these male heroin abstainers in Experiment 1. However, considering the relatively higher subjective reward value of heroin compared to money for these heroin abstainers, the relative subjective reward value of immediate heroin reward may be less changed by explicating the potential opportunity cost of both options in intertemporal decision-making. Because of this, the delay discounting levels in explicit-zero condition and hidden-zero condition were not significantly different from each other in Experiment 2. In conclusion, explicating the potential opportunity cost of both options in intertemporal decision-making can improve monetary intertemporal decision-making instead of crosscommodity intertemporal decision-making for male heroin abstainers.更多还原