【摘要】 目的 了解2011年-2020年新疆乌鲁木齐市天山区肺结核的流行病学特征，探索适合当地结核病防控的策略与措施，为当地的结核病疫情防控提供依据。方法 应用描述性流行病学分析，对2011年-2020年新疆乌鲁木齐市天山区疾病预防控制中心登记报告的肺结核病患者进行分析，应用季节指数对肺结核患者进行季节效应分析。结果 2011年-2020年新疆乌鲁木齐市天山区近10年共报告肺结核患者3565例，年均报告发病率为46.22/10万，近10年来整体上呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=11.799,P <0.001），平均下降速度为7.12%；耐药患者共64例，非耐药患者759例，未查患者2742例，耐药率为2.41%；本区0岁-25岁组、26岁-60岁组、> 60岁组结核病患者主要来源为转诊、追踪和因症推荐等方式；每年的3月-5月是肺结核发病的高峰期，季节指数分别为126.4、126.6、129.0；发病数量最高的两个年龄组为65岁以上组和16岁-25岁组，发病数分别为743例（20.8%）和715例（20.1%）；男性2039例（57.19%），女性1526例（42.81%），男女比例为1.33∶1，其发病率男性高于女性（χ2=18.294,P <0.05）；职业以家政、家务及待业、离退人员为主，分别为1444例（40.5%）、730例（20.5%）；民族分布前三的是维吾尔族、汉族、回族，分别为1646例（46.2%）、1439例（40.4%）、328例（9.2%）。结论 2011年-2020年乌鲁木齐市天山区的肺结核年均报告发病率整体上呈波动下降趋势，但该地区的结核病疫情仍然十分严重，应重点关注男性、青少年及老年人等高危人群，并对高危人群进行主动筛查、治疗等措施，进一步控制该地的结核病疫情。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Tianshan District of Urumqi, Xinjiang,from 2011 to 2020, and to explore the strategies and measures suitable for local tuberculosis prevention and control, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of local tuberculosis epidemic. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the tuberculosis patients registered by the center for Disease Control and Prevention of Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, from 2011 to2020, and the seasonal effect of tuberculosis patientswas analyzed by seasonal index. Results In 2011-2020, atotal of 3565 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Tianshan District of Urumqi city,Xinjiang, in recent 10 years. The annualreported incidence rate was46.22/100 thousand, which showed a downward trend in the past 10 years(χ_trend²= 11.799, P < 0.001), with an average rate of decline of 7.12%. There were total 64 resistant patients, 759 non-resistant patients, 2742 unchecked patients, and the drug resistant rate was2.41%. The main sources of tuberculosis patients in the 0-25-year-old group, 26-60-year-old group, and > 60-year-old group in our district werefrom referral, follow-up, and symptomatic recommendation. The peak of tuberculosis incidence was from March to May, with the seasonal index of 126.4, 126.6 and 129.0 respectively. The two age groups with the highest number of incidences were the over 65-year-old group and the 16-25-year-old group, with 743 cases（20.8%）and 715 cases（20.1%）respectively. There were 2039 males（57.19%）and 1526 females（42.81%）, with a male to female ratio of 1.33∶1, and the incidence rate was higher in males than in females （χ²=18.294, P < 0.05）. Occupational distribution was mainly in housekeeping, housework, unemployed, and retired occupations with the largest number of occupational diseases, which were 1444（40.5%）and 730（20.5%）respectively. The top three ethnic groups were Uygur, Han, and Hui, with 1646 cases（46.2%）, 1439 cases（40.4%）, and 328 cases（9.2%）respectively.Conclusion The annual average reportedincidence rate of tuberculosis in Tianshan District in Urumqi showsan over all fluctuating downward trend from 2011 to 2020 years, but the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in this area is still very serious. We should pay attention to high-risk groups such as men, adolescents and the elderly, and take active screening and treatment measures to further control the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in this area.更多还原