【摘要】 利用1961—2013年石羊河流域5个气象站的雷暴资料，运用统计学方法分析了石羊河流域雷暴的时空变化特征，并对雷暴防护等级进行划分。结果表明：石羊河流域年、年代雷暴日总体呈减少趋势，天祝的减少趋势尤为显著，递减率达-5.843 d/10 a，雷暴日的时间序列存在7～8 a的准周期变化。石羊河流域雷暴初日最早出现在3月下旬（永昌），其他均出现在4月上旬，终日最晚出现在10月下旬末（永昌出现在10月上旬初），平均雷暴期为100.4～171.3 d。6—8月是雷暴的高发期，雷暴日占年雷暴总日的70.7%～78.4%。雷暴的日变化明显，雷暴多发时段为12—22时，集中发生时段为13—17时，雷暴的平均持续时间为10～40 min。石羊河流域雷暴具有明显的地域特征，南部山区天祝雷暴日远大于其他各地，占总雷暴日的40.8%。随着雷暴站数的增多，区域性雷暴日迅速减少。石羊河流域雷暴防护等级划分为3级：天祝属1级防护，为高雷区；永昌和古浪属2级防护，为多雷区；民勤和凉州属3级防护，为少雷区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using thunderstorm data of five meteorological stations during 1961-2013,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of thunderstorm in Shiyang River basin were analyzed with mathematical statistics method,and the thunderstorm protection levels were further divided. The results showed that the annual and decadal thunderstorm days generally decreased,the most significant decreasing trend occurred in Tianzhu with the decreasing rate of-5.843 d·10 a-1. There was a quasiperiodic of 7-8 a in the thunderstorm days. The first day of thunderstorms in Shiyang River basin appeared in Yongchang(late March),and the others in early April,and the latest end day was in late October(Yongchang in early October),and the average thunderstorm period was 100.4-171.3 d.Thunderstorms mainly occurred from June to August, accounting for 70.7%-78.4% of annual thunderstorm days. Thunderstorms presented a evident diurnal variation characteristics,with frequent occurrences from 12:00 to 22:00 and concentrated occurrences from 13:00 to 17:00. The average duration of thunderstorms was 10-40 minutes. The thunderstorms in Shiyang River basin had obvious regional characteristics,the thunderstorm days in Tianzhu of southern mountain was much more than others,which accounted for 40.8% of the total regional thunderstorm days. The regional thunderstorm days decreased rapidly with the increasing of thunderstorm stations. The thunderstorm protection level was divided into three levels in Shiyang River basin,Tianzhu was level 1 as high thunder area,Yongchang and Gulang were level 2 as more thunder area,Minqin and Liangzhou were level 3 as less thunder area.更多还原