【摘要】 目的 比较青岛市和陇南市小学生近视患病率及其相关影响因素，为小学生近视的防控工作提供依据。方法 采用随机抽样在青岛市和陇南市各抽取2所小学，通过视力、屈光检查和问卷调查的方法对屈光状况和相关因素进行调查，共有2 112名四至六年级小学生参加。结果 青岛市小学生筛查性近视患病率为55.39%，高于陇南市小学生筛查性近视患病率45.60%，差异有统计学意义（χ~2=11.601,P<0.001）。青岛市小学生四年级至六年级近视率分别为40.90%、57.30%、69.17%，青岛市不同年级间近视患病率差异有统计学意义（χ~2=25.417,P<0.001）；陇南市小学生四年级至六年级近视率分别为36.71%、40.00%、59.06%，陇南市不同年级间近视患病率差异有统计学意义（χ~2=19.554,P<0.001）；两地区小学生近视患病率随着年级的增加逐渐增加。女生、每天完成作业时间及阅读用眼时间大于2 h、每天使用电子设备总时长大于2 h、周末参加文化课补习班累计大于3 h为两地区小学生近视共同的危险因素，民族为少数民族、每天户外活动时间1～2 h、每天户外活动时间大于2 h为两地区近视相关的共同保护因素。结论 青岛市小学生近视患病率高于陇南市；小学生近视防控工作应尽早开展，近视防控工作重点在减少近距离用眼时间和使用电子设备总时长，增加户外运动时间；近视防控工作还应该根据地区特点制订地方个性化方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To compare the prevalence of myopia among primary school students in Qingdao City and Longnan City and its related influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of myopia among them.Methods Two primary schools in Qingdao City and Longnan City were randomly sampled, and the refractive status and related factors were investigated by visual acuity, refractive examination, and questionnaire survey, and a total of 2 112 fourth-sixth grade primary school students participated.ResultsThe prevalence of screened myopia among primary school students in Qingdao City was 55.39%, higher than the prevalence of screened myopia among primary school students in Longnan City: 45.60%, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2= 11.601, P < 0.001). The myopia rates of primary school students in Qingdao City from grade 4 to grade 6 were respectively 40.90%, 57.30%, and 69.17%, and there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of myopia among different grades(χ~2= 25.417, P < 0.001). The myopia rates of primary school students in Longnan City from grade 4 to grade 6 were respectively 36.71%, 40.00%, and 59.06%, and there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of myopia among different grades(χ~2= 19.554, P < 0.001).The prevalence of myopia among primary school students in the two regions gradually increased with the increase in grade level. Girls, daily homework completion time and reading eye time greater than 2 hours, daily use of electronic devices of more than 2 hours, and weekend participation in cultural cram classes of more than 3 hours were common risk factors for myopia among primary school students in the two regions, but ethnic minorities, outdoor activity time of 1-2 hours per day, and outdoor activity time greater than 2 hours per day were the common protective factors related to myopia in the two regions.ConclusionsThe prevalence of myopia among primary school students in Qingdao City is higher than that in Longnan City. The prevention and control of myopia among primary school students should be carried out as soon as possible, and the focus of myopia prevention and control work should be to reduce the time spent at close range and the total time spent using electronic devices and increase the time for outdoor exercises. Myopia prevention and control work should also formulate local personalized plans according to regional characteristics.更多还原