【摘要】 目的 分析海口市1岁以下儿童生长发育状况，并探索儿童发育迟缓的危险因素，为采取进一步的防控措施提供理论依据。方法 搜集海口市2017—2021年1岁以下儿童的生长发育相关数据以及相关人口学特征，描述生长发育状况，拟合Poisson回归模型分析影响儿童发育迟缓的危险因素。结果 海口市1岁以下儿童发育状况在中国处于一般水平，发育迟缓发生率为2.5%,出生时身高越矮(≤46 cm:Incident Risk Ratio (IRR)=2.05, 95%CI:1.84～2.29; 46.1～49.9 cm:IRR=1.34, 95%CI:1.28～1.42)、出生体重越轻[相对于>3 700 g的儿童，2 500～2 800 g、2 801～3 100 g、3 101～3 400 g和3 401～3 700 g的儿童对应的IRR(95%CI)分别为16.65(13.63～20.34)、6.93(5.69～8.45)、3.23(2.65～3.95)和1.70(1.37～2.11)]、男婴(IRR=2.13, 95%CI:2.03～2.23)、采用人工喂养(IRR=1.17, 95%CI:1.08～1.27)以及父亲从事农林牧副渔业(IRR=1.26, 95%CI:1.13～1.40)的儿童更容易发生发育迟缓；而月龄越小[相对于10～<12月龄的儿童，1～<2、2～<3、3～<4、4～<5、5～<6、6～<8和8～<10月龄的儿童对应的IRR(95%CI)分别为0.57(0.51～0.64)、0.63(0.55～0.72)、0.49(0.42～0.58)、0.66(0.57～0.76)、0.71(0.61～0.81)、0.72(0.65～0.80)和0.77(0.69～0.85)]、父母文化程度越高[父亲和母亲文化程度在大学及以上的IRR(95%CI)分别为0.72(0.67～0.77)和0.73(0.68～0.78);文化程度在高中的IRR(95%CI)分别为0.87(0.81～0.92)和0.83(0.78～0.88)]的儿童则更不容易发生发育迟缓。结论 海口市1岁以下儿童生长发育状况处于一般水平，应加强科学喂养宣教，提倡母乳喂养，健康干预措施需要重点关注父母文化程度较低、出生时较瘦小和男性婴幼儿。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the growth and development status of children aged 0-1 years in Haikou City, and to explore the risk factors of child growth retardation, so as to provide theoretical basis for further prevention and control measures. Methods The growth and development related data and related demographic characteristics of children aged 0-1 years in Haikou from 2017 to 2021 were collected and described, and the Poisson regression model was fitted to analyze the risk factors of child growth retardation. Results The development status of children aged 0-1 years in Haikou was at the general level in China, and the prevalence of growth retardation was 2.5%. The shorter the height at birth(≤46 cm: Incident Risk Ratio(IRR) =2.05, 95% CI: 1.84-2.29; 46.1-49.9 cm: IRR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.28-1.42), the lighter the weight at birth [Compared with children with 3701g and above, the corresponding IRR(95%CI) of children with 2500-2800 g, 2801-3100 g, 3101-3400 g and 3401-3700 g were 16.65(13.63-20.34), 6.93(5.69-8.45), 3.23(2.65-3.95) and 1.70(1.37-2.11), respectively], the male(IRR=2.13, 95%CI:2.03-2.23), the artificial feeding ones(IRR=1.17, 95%CI:1.08-1.27), and the children whose father is engaged in agriculture and sideline fisheries(IRR=1.26, 95%CI:1.13-1.40) were more likely to have growth retardation, while the younger [Compared with children aged 10-<12 months, the corresponding IRR(95%CI) of children aged 1-<2, 2-<3, 3-<4, 4-<5, 5-<6, 6-<8 and 8-<10 months were 0.57(0.51-0.64), 0.63(0.55-0.72), 0.49(0.42-0.58), 0.66(0.57-0.76), 0.71(0.61-0.81), 0.72(0.65-0.80) and 0.77(0.69-0.85), respectively], children with parents with higher educational level [compared with those with junior high school education and below, the IRR(95%CI) of fathers and mothers with college education and above were 0.72(0.67-0.77) and 0.73(0.68-0.78) respectively; the IRR(95%CI) of fathers and mothers with high school education were 0.87(0.81-0.92) and 0.83(0.78-0.88) respectively] were less likely to develop retardation. Conclusion Scientific feeding education should be strengthened and breastfeeding should be advocated. Health intervention measures should focus on male infants and children with low educational level of parents, and ones who were thinner and shorter at birth.更多还原