【摘要】 基于目前中国“上游行业垄断，下游行业竞争”的现实背景，本文利用1998-2007年的制造业企业数据，系统分析了上游垄断引起的资源错配效应。研究发现，上游垄断对我国制造业资源错配具有显著的正向推动作用，并且产品市场扭曲和要素市场扭曲是上游垄断恶化我国资源配置效率的重要渠道，而中间品贸易自由化可以在一定程度上缓解此效应。测算结果显示，在样本期间，上游垄断引致的资源错配效率损失占总资源错配效率损失的比重为25.81%-30.20%，且两种机制的贡献大致相等。如果不存在上游垄断现象，则生产率将在总体上平均提升4.49%-9.05%。因此，加快上游行业市场化改革进程对于提高我国资源配置效率具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the realistic background of “monopoly in the upstream industry and competition in the downstream industry” in China, this paper systematically analyzes the resource misallocation effect caused by upstream monopoly by using the data of manufacturing enterprises from 1998 to 2007. It is found that upstream monopoly has a significant positive role in promoting resource misallocation in China. Both the product market distortion and the factor market distortion are important channels for upstream monopoly to worsen the efficiency of resource allocation in China. To some extent, the input trade liberation can alleviate this effect. The calculation results show that during the sample period, the average efficiency loss of the upstream monopoly accounts for 25.81%-30.20% of the total resource misallocation efficiency loss. If there were no upstream monopoly, the productivity would be increased by 4.49%-9.05% on average, and the contributions of the two mechanisms are roughly equal. Therefore, accelerating the market-oriented reform process of upstream industries has important policy implications for improving the efficiency of resource allocation in China.更多还原