【摘要】 高重力坝防冲建筑物体型参数的选取决定了泄洪消能水流的水力特性，从而影响水电站的安全运行。采用水工模型试验的方法，研究了防冲建筑物体型参数对水流的水力特性影响规律。研究结果表明：水垫塘长度的减小，使塘内淹没冲击射流的扩散空间减小、冲击区的紊动增强，导致塘内底板时均压强谷值减小、脉动压强均方根峰值增大、底板安全风险增大；二级消力池池长的减小，使出池临底流速增大、下游冲刷风险增大；二道坝高度的降低，导致水垫塘底板沿程时均压强减小、脉动压力均方根峰值增大、底板安全风险增大，同时导致二级消力池内水跃收缩断面水深增加、跃首区临底流速降低、紊动强度降低、脉动压力均方根峰值减小，但出池临底流速增大。更多还原

【Abstract】 For high-gravity dams, the discharge structure determines the energy dissipation characteristics of the discharge flow, which in turn affects the safe operation of the hydropower station. A hydraulic model test was adopted in order to investigate the effect of the shape parameters of the discharge structure on the hydraulic characteristics of the discharge flow. The test results show that the decrease of the plunge pool length reduces the diffusion space of the submerged impact jet and increases the turbulence in the impact zone, which results in a reduction in the minimum time-averaged pressure of the bottom slab in the plunge pool. In addition, it leads to an increment of the peak root mean square(RMS) of the fluctuation pressure on the bottom slab and increases its safety risks. The decrease in the length of the secondary stilling pool leads to an increment in the underflow velocity at the outflux of the stilling pool and increases the scouring risks of the downstream. Moreover, the reduction in the height of the auxiliary weir results in a decrease in the time-averaged pressure and an increment in the peak RMS of the fluctuating pressure and safety risks of the bottom slab. It also results in an increment in the water depth of the secondary stilling pool and a decrease in the underflow velocity at the bottom of the jump zone. Meanwhile, the turbulent intensity and the peak value of the RMS of the fluctuation pressure decrease but the underflow velocity at the pool outflux increases.更多还原