【摘要】 有关心灵能力和行为原则的能力心理学是苏格兰启蒙学说的重要组成部分，经托马斯·里德之手发展成为一套系统的理论。美国独立建国时期，能力心理学在北美大陆广泛传播，成为一种广为人知的思想资源。美国制宪者借鉴采用能力心理学思想，凸显了理性原则在构建政府制度和决策机制中的重要性。作为美国建国立宪的经典文献和启蒙时代政治科学的代表作，《联邦党人文集》通篇包含了人类心灵能力与国家政府治理的关联类比。涉及能力分类与政府职能、能力原则与国家治理、能力分殊与精英政治等维度的考察分析清楚表明，能力心理学为美国政体设计的内在逻辑提供了不可或缺的人性认知理据，成为美国政体制度得以形成的重要思想源流。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an integral component of the Scottish Enlightenment learning, faculty psychology was developed especially by Thomas Reid into a systematic theory concerning faculties of human mind and behavioral principles. During the founding of the United States, faculty psychology was extensively diffused and became an intellectual resource widely known in North America. By drawing on theories of faculty psychology, framers of the American Constitution emphasized the priority of reasoning in the construction of government and its decision-making mechanism. The Federalist Papers, ranked among the classics for the founding of the United States and the formation of the US Constitution, has also been celebrated as a representative work of political science composed during the Enlightenment, in which an analogy can be found between the faculties of human mind and the governance of a state. An examination as regards the corresponding association of classified faculties with governmental functions, faculty principles with state governance, faculty differentiation with elite politics is indicative of the fact that faculty psychology provided indispensable insights for cognition of human nature taken as the rationale for the polity design of the United States and hence became one of the ideological sources of American constitutionalism.更多还原