【摘要】 目的 了解浙江省谷物及其制品中伏马毒素（fumonisins, FBs）的污染状况及居民暴露风险。方法 使用同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱法测定浙江省大米、小米、挂面、方便面、玉米粒样品中FBs的浓度，同时结合浙江省居民的食物消费量数据，运用简单分布法评估浙江省居民对谷物及其制品中FBs的暴露风险。结果 大米、小米、挂面、方便面的FBs污染水平相对较低，FB₁、FB₂、FB₃在这些食物中的检出率分别为0～23.7%、0～16.7%和0～5.4%,浓度均值则分别为未检出（not detected, ND）～22.36、ND～20.63和ND～7.19μg/kg。而玉米粒的污染水平则相对较高，FB₁、FB₂、FB₃在玉米粒中的检出率分别为100%、93.6%、90.3%,浓度均值则分别为638.99、103.54和59.69μg/kg,有12.9%的玉米样品FBs含量超标。人群的FBs暴露水平均值低于2μg/（kg·BW·d）的暂定每日可耐受摄入量，提示人群的总体风险较低，但有0.30%的个体暴露风险较高。不同年龄段人群中，儿童、成年人、老年人的成组估计每日摄入量均值分别为0.43、0.28和0.29μg/（kg·BW·d）,儿童的FBs暴露水平相对较高。不同食物中，大米和玉米粒是人群FBs暴露的主要来源。结论 除玉米粒外，谷物及其制品中FBs污染水平总体较低。人群FBs暴露水平总体较低。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE To monitor fumonisins（FBs） in grains and grain products in Zhejiang and assess the exposure risks of FBs to local residents.METHODS Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine the occurrence of FBs in rice, millet, dried noodles, instant noodles, and maize grains, and food frequency questionnaires were used to collect the food consumption data of Zhejiang population. Then, the simple probability distribution model was used to assess the exposure risk.RESULTS The levels of FBs in rice, millet, dried noodles and instant noodles were relatively low. The occurrence of FB₁, FB₂ and FB₃ in these foods was 0-23.7%, 0-16.7% and 0-5.4%, respectively, and the mean levels were not detected（ND）-22.36, ND-20.63 and ND-7.19 μg/kg correspondingly. However, the levels of FBs in maize grains were relatively high. The occurrence of FB₁, FB₂, and FB₃ in maize grains was 100%, 93.6% and 90.3%, respectively, and the mean levels were 638.99, 103.54 and 59.69 μg/kg correspondingly. In 12.9% of the maize grain samples, the levels of FBs were higher than the standard reference. The residents were at low exposure risk overall. The mean estimated daily intake（EDI） of FBs was far lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 μg/（kg·BW·d）. However, 0.30% of the residents were at high risk. Among people of different ages, the mean EDI of children, adults, and elderly were 0.43, 0.28 and 0.29 μg/（kg·BW·d） respectively, and children were in the highest exposure levels of FBs. Among the tested five foodstuffs, rice and maize grains were the main sources of FBs exposure.CONCLUSION Except for maize grains, the levels of FBs in grains and grain products were relatively low, and Zhejiang residents were at low FBs exposure risk generally.更多还原