【摘要】 [目的 /意义]开放获取政策对推动开放学术与科技创新发展至关重要，研究国际重大开放获取政策经验可以为我国开放获取政策制定、实施及开放获取发展提供参考。[方法 /过程]介绍美国白宫科技政策办公室（OSTP）公共访问新政策指南的制定背景，分析该政策内容及其与以往公共访问政策的差异、优势与不足、趋势等，探讨政策实施将对联邦政府资助机构、出版模式及图书馆工作产生的影响。[结果 /结论 ]综合OSTP新政策指南内容与影响，分析国内开放获取政策与实践现状的不足，提出出台国家层面的开放获取指导性政策、建设和布局国家层面的开放获取仓储、推动科研资助项目层面的研究数据管理与共享等启示建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Purpose/Significance] Open access policy is very important to promote the development of open scholarship and scientific and technological innovation. Exploring the experience of major international open access policies can provide references for China’s open access policy formulation, implementation and open access development. [Method/Process] This paper introduced the background of the development of U.S. public access policy guidance updated by Office of Science and Technology Policy(OSTP), analyzed the content of the policy and its differences from previous public access policies, its advantages, shortcomings and trends. The impacts of policy implementation on federal funding agencies, publishing models, and library work were also discussed. [Result/Conclusion] Based on the policy content and impacts of public access policy guidance of OSTP, this paper analyzed the shortcomings of the current status of open access policies and practices in China, and then put forward enlightenment suggestions for open access measures, such as introducing national-level open access guiding policies,building national-level open access repositories, promoting the management and sharing of research data for funded projects.更多还原