【摘要】 土壤重金属的人体健康风险评估和源解析是场地污染控制和风险防范的关键。以珠三角某造船厂场地土壤为研究对象，采集造船厂场地169个50 cm深度的表层土壤样品，测定土壤pH值及8种重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Cr、Hg和As的含量；用反距离权重插值法（IDW）探究造船厂土壤重金属的空间分布规律，通过美国环保署（USEPA）推荐的人体健康风险评估方法量化不同人群暴露于造船厂土壤重金属的人体健康风险，并用主成分分析-多元线性回归模型（PCA-MLR）定量解析土壤重金属的来源。结果表明：（1）土壤重金属Pb、Hg和As在部分点位的含量超过一类建设用地风险筛选值，人体健康风险评估表明造船厂土壤重金属存在不同程度的非致癌和致癌风险，且Pb和As是主要贡献因子；（2）土壤Cu、Zn和As的高值出现在造船坞和涂装车间，土壤Ni和Cr高值出现在管加新车间；（3）PCA-MLR模型源解析表明造船厂场地土壤重金属来源主要有3种：Cu、Zn、As和少部分的Cd来源于船体加工过程，Ni、Cr和少部分Cd来源于自然源和管加新车间钢材的加工、堆放，Pb和Hg来源于造船厂内部的交通运输过程，上述3种来源贡献率分别为60.8%、14.8%、24.4%。为降低造船厂土壤重金属污染引起的人体健康风险，建议加强造船坞和涂装车间以及管加新车间等重点区域土壤Cu、Zn、As、Cr等污染物的风险管控。更多还原

【Abstract】 The health risk assessment and source apportionment of soil heavy metals are important for site pollution control and risk prevention. In this study, a total of 169 surface soil samples(0–50 cm) were collected and eight soil heavy metal contents(Cu, Pb, Zn,Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg and As) were measured in a legacy shipyard site in Pearl River Delta, China. The inverse distance weighted interpolation(IDW) was used to explore the spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in the shipyard site, and the human health risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) was used to quantify the health risk of different populations exposed to soil heavy metals. Principal component analysis combined with multiple linear regression(PCA–MLR) model was applied to analyze the main sources of soil heavy metals quantitatively. It showed that(1) the contents of soil heavy metals, Pb,Hg and As, exceeded the risk screening value of the first type residential constructed land. The human health risk assessment showed that the shipyard had different degrees of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, and Pb and As were the main contributing factors.(2) Relatively high values of Cu, Zn and As were found in shipyards manufacturing and painting workshops, and Ni and Cr in the pipe plus new workshop.(3) There were three main sources of soil heavy metals in the shipyard site. Cu, Zn, As and a small amount of Cd were derived from ship-making processes, Ni, Cr and a small amount of Cd from natural sources and stacking of steel in the pipe plus new workshop; Pb and Hg mainly originated from the transportation process inside the shipyard. According to the PCA–MLR model,the contribution rate of the above mentioned three sources was 60.8%, 14.8%, and 24.4%, respectively. The health risks from the soil heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, As, Cr, should be paid special attention to in the ship-making workshop and pipe plus new workshop inside the shipyard site.更多还原