【摘要】 氦气是重要的稀缺资源，应用广泛且在许多领域不可替代。由于富氦天然气是获取氦气的主要来源，很容易造成认识误区，认为只要能找到天然气自然就能找到氦气资源。但实际上氦气的富集与天然气成藏差异较大，不能用寻找天然气的理论和方法来寻找氦气。为此，针对氦气的富集特点，总结了氦气富集与天然气成藏的差异，系统梳理了氦气勘探中的5大误区，最后针对性地提出了氦气勘探建议。研究结果表明：(1)氦气的富集与天然气成藏在来源、生成机理、运聚过程（包括初次、二次运移方式）、对构造背景的要求及对地下水活跃程度的要求等诸多方面都存在较大差异。(2)目前的氦气勘探存在5大认识误区，即在天然气富集甜点区找氦气；富氦气藏需要更好的盖层；坐落在古老基底之上的气藏都可富氦气；在煤层气中寻找氦气；在火山岩储集层中找氦气。结论认为：(1)寻找富氦气资源，需要避开那些给氦气造成严重稀释的勘探区，避开天然气充注强度高值区域，避免在煤层气和火山岩气藏中找氦气；(2)在氦气勘探上应该摆脱油气勘探思想的束缚，根据氦气富集条件进行合理选区，氦气通常在基底断裂和古老地层水系统控制下在相同层位的构造高部位气藏中富集，符合这些条件的含气区将是氦气勘探的有利地区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Helium is one of the rare strategic resources that are indispensable for the development of national defense and high-tech industries. Helium containing natural gas is still the only source of industrial helium production. Helium rich natural gas is the main source of helium, so it is easily misunderstood that helium resource can be discovered where natural gas is discovered. In fact, however,helium enrichment is quite different from natural gas accumulation, so the theories and methods for searching natural gas cannot be used to search helium. Based on the characteristics of helium enrichment, this paper summarizes the differences between helium enrichment and natural gas accumulation, systematically sorts out five major misunderstandings in helium exploration, and finally proposes specific helium exploration suggestions. And the following research results are obtained. First, helium enrichment is significantly different from natural gas accumulation in terms of source, generation mechanism, migration and accumulation process(including primary and secondary migration modes), structural setting and groundwater activity degree. Second, the current five major misunderstandings in helium exploration are as follows: helium can be searched in the sweet spots of natural gas enrichment; better caprocks are needed for helium rich gas reservoirs; all the gas reservoirs lying above the ancient basement can be helium rich; helium can be searched in coalbed methane; helium can be searched in volcanic reservoirs. In conclusion, to search helium rich resources, it is necessary to evade the exploration areas where helium is diluted seriously and the areas where natural gas charging intensity is high, and avoid searching helium in coalbed methane and volcanic gas reservoirs. What’s more, helium exploration shall get free from oil & gas exploration ideas, and it is necessary to select the areas reasonably based on helium enrichment conditions. Helium usually gets enriched in the gas reservoir at the structural high of the same horizon under the control of basement fault and ancient formation water system, and the gas bearing areas satisfying these conditions will be the favorable areas of helium exploration.更多还原