【摘要】 依托在遵义市2004年建立的烤烟长期田间定位试验，研究了不同烤烟种植（烤烟连作和烤烟//玉米轮作）和施肥（单施化肥和化肥有机肥配施）制度下，2017、2019和2021年烟叶产质量、肥料农学效率、土壤氮素和酶活性的变化，解析长期种植及施肥对植烟黄壤氮素形态的影响及其机制，为植烟土壤氮素营养管理提供科学依据。结果表明，轮作烤烟的产量、中上等烟比例、产值、肥料农学效率分别比连作处理增加31.4%、6.2%、37.2%、35.9%，说明烤烟轮作有益于提高烤烟产量和质量。在烤烟连作模式中，化肥配施有机肥使上述参数依次比单施化肥增高24.7%、9.1%、28.9%和24.8%；在烤烟轮作的土壤上，化肥配施有机肥使烤烟产量产值在3季中2季增加，总体上改善了烟叶质量。这些现象与轮作减轻烤烟的自毒作用，有机无机配施增加土壤全量和碱解氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量，提高土壤酶（蛋白酶、脲酶、硝酸和亚硝酸还原酶）活性，促进土壤氮素转化，改善土壤氮素供应，以及烤烟//玉米轮作和化肥配施有机肥提高土壤硝态氮含量密切相关。因此，在黔北烟区，值得提倡烤烟//玉米轮作和化肥配施有机肥。更多还原

【Abstract】 A long-term field experiment on soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency in flue-cured tobacco cultivation was established in 2004 at Zunyi, Guizhou. Relying on this long-term field experiment, the changes in tobacco leaf yield and quality, fertilizer agronomic efficiency, and nitrogen(N) and enzyme activity in the soil under the different tobacco planting(continuous tobacco cultivation, tobacco-maize rotation) and different fertilization(chemical fertilizer alone, combined application of manure plus chemical fertilizers) were investigated in 2017, 2019, and 2021. The objectives were to realize the relationships between tobacco agronomic performances and cultivation models or fertilization practices and to provide a scientific basis for N application in flue-curried tobacco cultivation. Compared with continuous tobacco cultivation, tobaccomaize rotation was increased the leaf yield by 31.4%, the proportion of middle and top grade leaves by 6.2%, leaf economic output by 37.2%, fertilizer agronomic efficiency by 35.9%, and fertilizer economic utilization efficiency by 31.4%. These results indicated that tobacco-maize rotation was beneficial to the improvement of the tobacco leaf yield, quality. In the continuous cropping mode, combined application of manure plus chemical fertilizer application(MCF) increased the abovementioned parameters by 24.7%, 9.1%, 28.9%, and 24.8%, respectively, compared with chemical fertilizer alone.In the tobacco-maize rotation soil, MCF also increased the leaf yield and economic output in two of the three seasons and generally improved the leaf quality. These phenomena are closely related to autotoxicity alleviation, increase in total and alkaline hydrolyzed N, ammonium N, nitrate N, enzyme stimulation(protease, urease, nitrate and nitrite reductase), N transformation promotion, nitrogen supply improvement, and nitrate N enhancement by MCF in the tobacco-maize rotation soil. Taken together, it is worth advocating tobacco-corn rotation and chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer in the northern Guizhou tobacco region.更多还原