【摘要】 为了有效指导湿地植被恢复，以天津市临港生态湿地公园（人工湿地）和北大港湿地自然保护区（自然湿地）为研究对象，通过Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、方差比率（VR）、χ2检验、Ochiai关联指数和Spearman秩相关分析，对比了人工湿地和自然湿地的植物群落多样性及其种间关系，并划分了生态种组.结果表明：(1)对2种类型湿地进行植物物种调查，共发现了175种植物，均以耐盐碱草本植物为优势物种，其中59种植物重合.自然湿地Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数均高于人工湿地的数值.(2)自然湿地主要表现为负联结种对，大部分物种呈现独立分布；而人工湿地则正联结种对略高于负联结种对.自然湿地中的显著性联结种对数量占比高于人工湿地的数值.(3) 2种类型湿地均可划分为2类生态种组，即耐盐碱的湿中生野生植物群和具有观赏性的人工植物群.人工湿地植被恢复时，可依据自然湿地生态种组和当地生境条件，构建“近自然”湿地植物群落.更多还原

【Abstract】 To provide technical support for wetland vegetation restoration,Tianjin Lingang Ecological Wetland Park(constructed wetland)and Tianjin Beidagang Wetland Nature Reserve(natural wetland)were chosen as research areas. Several methods were employed,including Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,variance ratio(VR),χ2test,Ochiai index,and Spearman rank correlation analysis. These methods were used to examine community characteristics,diversity traits,overall correlations,and interspecific correlations. Ecological species groups were then selected based on the analysis results. The results indicated that:(1) 175 plant species were found in the two wetlands,with saline-alkali tolerant herbs being the principal species and 59species overlapping. The Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index in the natural wetland were higher than those in the con-structed wetland.(2) Species pairs in the natural wetland were mainly negatively associated,while the most species showed independent distribution. In contrast,positive species pairs were slightly more common than negative species pairs in the con-structed wetland. The number of significant associated species pairs in the natural wetland was higher than that in the construct-ed wetland.(3) Two types of ecological species groups were established in these wetlands,namely saline-alkali-tolerant wet wild flora and artificial ornamental flora. In the process of vegetation restoration in constructed wetlands,“near-natural”wetland vegetation communities can be created based on the local habitats as well as the ecological groups in natural wetlands.更多还原