【摘要】 为促进空重车协同高效调配并提高货主满意度，在铁路空车调配经典模型的基础上，提出一种考虑车种代用的空重车协同调配模型，该模型考虑站点空车需求供给的随机分布、货车保有量、货运计划、空车车流直达等约束，以重车收入、车种代用费用、货运需求损失费用、空车调配费用的总收益最大化为目标，使得模型更加接近生产实际。针对构建的调配模型设计改进的蚁群算法，该算法采用信息素的局部更新以及全局更新来指导蚂蚁的状态转移。以某铁路网为例，研究结果中实现车种代用的敞车共有1 566车，在调配重车数中占比61.40%，可见合理的车种代用可以更大程度地满足运输需求；当敞车、平车单位空走费用不变，降低棚车单位空走费用时，对提高铁路运输收益更有效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to promote the coordinated and efficient adjustment of empty and loaded cars and improve the satisfaction of cargo owners, this paper proposed a model for coordinated adjustment of empty and loaded cars considering car type substitution based on the classic model of railway empty car adjustment. The model considered constraints including random distribution of demand and supply for empty cars in stations, number of cars, freight plan,and direct flow of empty cars. It aimed to maximize the total profits of loaded car revenue, car type substitution cost,freight demand loss cost, and empty car adjustment cost, which made the model closer to the actual production.According to the proposed adjustment model, an improved ant colony algorithm was designed. The algorithm used the local and global update of the pheromone to guide the state transition of ants. With a railway network as an example, the research results show that there are 1 566 open cars available for car type substitution, which accounts for 61.40% of the allocated loaded cars, and reasonable car type substitution can meet the transportation demand to a greater extent. When the unit empty travel cost of open and flat cars remains unchanged, and that of box cars is reduced, the railway transportation profits can be greatly improved.更多还原