【摘要】 从空气弹簧应用特性的角度对其技术发展进行了梳理，分别总结了空气弹簧垂向性能、横向性能及扭转性能的技术特点，并对其在国内外动车组、磁浮列车与城轨车辆上的运用情况进行了介绍。针对空气弹簧相关理论研究，讨论了空气弹簧系统有限元模型、等效力学模型及气动力学模型。其中有限元模型适用于分析空气弹簧结构特性、材料特性与接触特性，等效力学模型适用于车辆动力学计算，气动力学模型适用于空气弹簧非线性动力学计算。基于当前空气弹簧理论研究与技术应用现状，探索了CFD与动网格技术在空气弹簧特性分析中的应用，使用有限体积法对空气弹簧内部三维湍流进行数值模拟。总结了不同控制方法在空气弹簧系统中的运用，探讨了智能监测技术在空气弹簧系统中运用的可能性，展望了空气弹簧系统在状态预测、故障预警、健康评估等技术领域的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The technical development of air spring is combed from the perspective of its application characteristics. The technical characteristics of vertical, lateral and torsional properties of air springs are summarized respectively. Its application in EMU, maglev train and urban rail vehicle at home and abroad is introduced. The finite element model, equivalent mechanical model and aerodynamics model of air spring system are discussed. The finite element model is suitable for analyzing the structural characteristics, material characteristics and contact characteristics of the air spring, the equivalent mechanical model is suitable for vehicle dynamics calculation, and the aerodynamic model is suitable for nonlinear dynamics calculation of the air spring. Based on the current theoretical research and technical application of air spring, the application of CFD and dynamic mesh technology in the analysis of air spring characteristics was explored, and the finite volume method was used to numerically simulate the 3D turbulent flow inside the air spring. The application of different control methods in air spring system is summarized, the possibility of intelligent monitoring technology in air spring system is discussed, and the development of air spring technology in state prediction, fault warning, health assessment and so on is forecasted.更多还原