【摘要】 从热力学基本定律——熵增定律和能量最低定律出发，考虑系统宏观动能、势能及内能的转化，通过对系统各种能量的表达，建立上流式反应器气-液-固三相床层气含率与系统条件(如流体流速、黏度、催化剂物性)的定量关系。在热力学定律基础上，提出相关物理量“变动级数”的概念，结合不同操作条件和不同催化剂装填方案的冷模试验，研究流体及催化剂物性对床层气含率的影响规律。采用所建立的气含率模型拟合各种操作条件及多种催化剂装填方案下的试验数据，拟合平均相对偏差均小于5%,参数合理且能反映气、液、固三相性质对床层气含率的影响规律。建立一个优良的模型来描述上流式反应器气-液-固三相床层气含率，对上流式加氢工艺的研究具有重要指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the basic law of thermodynamics, the law of the entropy increase and the law of minimum energy, the transformation of macroscopic kinetic energy, potential energy, and internal energy of a system was considered, and the quantitative relationship between gas holdup of up-flow gas-liquid-solid three-phase bed and system conditions such as fluid velocity, viscosity and catalyst physical properties was established. On the basis of universal laws of thermodynamics, the concept of “variation order” of related physical quantity was proposed, cold model tests were carried out under different operating conditions and different catalyst loading schemes, and the effects of physical properties of fluid and catalyst on gas holdup was systematically studied. The established gas holdup model was used to fit the experimental data under various conditions and various catalysts loading schemes. The average relative deviation of the model was less than 5%,the parameters were reasonable and could well reflect the effects of gas-liquid-solid properties on gas holdup. The establishment of an excellent model to describe gas holdup in a gas-liquid-solid three-phase up-flow fixed bed reactor is of great significance to the study of up-flow hydrogenation process.更多还原