【摘要】 为探讨人工培育冬虫夏草（Ophiocordyceps sinensis）颜色较野生冬虫夏草更黑的原因，以人工培养冬虫夏草僵虫和野生冬虫夏草僵虫为材料，利用Illumina Hiseq 2500高通量测序技术进行转录组测序，通过DESeq筛选获得890个差异表达基因，其中上调表达基因479个，下调表达基因411个。GO富集分析结果显示：在生物过程中，差异表达基因主要富集于细胞过程、代谢过程、单一生物过程、生物调节、生物过程调节、响应刺激等二级单元；在细胞组成中，差异表达基因主要富集于细胞、细胞器、膜、大分子复合物等二级单元；在分子功能中，差异表达基因主要富集于结合、催化活性、运输活性等二级单元。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示，差异表达基因主要富集于氨基酸代谢、折叠-分选-降解、翻译、糖代谢、脂代谢、转运和分解代谢等途径。筛选到49个与活性氧代谢、酚氧化酶类、氧化还原酶类、过氧化物酶类、黑化反应相关的差异表达基因，其中tyr1可能是冬虫夏草僵虫颜色变化的关键酶基因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Artificially cultivated Ophiocordyceps sinensis showed darker sclerotia before stroma development than wild O.sinensis. To explore the underlying mechanism, Illumina Hiseq 2500 high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the transcriptomes of artificially cultivated(CQ) and wild(WT) O.sinensis sclerotia before stroma development, and then key genes involved in color formation were investigated. The results showed that 890 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between CQ and WT were obtained by DESeq screening, of which 479 were up-regulated and 411 were down-regulated. The GO enrichment analysis of these DEGs showed that in terms of biological process, the DEGs mainly enriched in cellular process, metabolism process, single-organism process, biological regulation, regulation of biological process, and response to stimulus; in terms of cellular component, the DEGs mainly enriched in cell, organelle, membrane, and macromolecular complex; in terms of cellular function, the DEGs mainly enriched in binding, catalytic activity and transport activity. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in amino acid metabolism, foldingsorting-degradation, translation, carbohydrate metabolism,lipid metabolism,and transport & catabolism.After screening, 49 DEGs related to reactive oxygen metabolism, phenoloxidase, oxidoreductase, peroxidase,and melanization reaction were selected, among which tyr1 may be the key gene for the color formation of O. sinensis.更多还原