【摘要】 表面活性剂降黏是一种安全、经济的稠油降黏方法，而乳状液乳化条件的不同会影响乳状液乳化和破乳的效果。先以黏度、平均粒径、分水率为指标，研究了不同温度、表面活性剂质量分数、油水比和搅拌速率对乳状液流变性、稳定性和破乳效果的影响，并用聚焦光束反射测量仪（FBRM）监测乳状液粒子的动态变化，研究了乳状液破乳时粒子的变化规律。通过测量乳状液的黏度、平均粒径和破乳过程中的分水率发现，温度上升、油水比减小，乳状液黏度下降，平均粒径上升，分水率增加；表面活性剂质量分数增加，乳状液黏度、平均粒径和分水率先降低后升高；搅拌速率增加，乳状液黏度先降低后升高，平均粒径降低，分水率升高。乳状液在40℃、质量分数2.0%、油水比7∶3、搅拌速度200 r·min^-1条件下，黏度为43.6 mPa·s，平均粒径为27.37μm。用FBRM发现加入破乳剂的乳状液粒子的平均粒径比未加破乳剂的乳状液粒子的平均粒径大1～3μm，粒子总数大量减少。加入破乳剂2 h后的乳状液中平均粒径小于10μm和在10～50μm之间的粒子数减少，平均粒径在50～150μm之间的粒子数增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 Viscosity reduction with surfactant is a safe and economical method to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil.In this paper,with an average particle size,viscosity,water first rate as the indexes,the effect of temperature,surfactant mass fraction,oil-water ratio and stirring speed to the emulsion rheology,stability and demulsification was studied,and focused beam reflection measuring instrument （FBRM） was used to monitor the dynamic changes of the emulsion particles,the change rule of the particles in emulsion demulsification was studied.By measuring the viscosity,average particle size and water fraction of the emulsion during demulsification,it was found that the viscosity of the emulsion decreased,the average particle size increased and the water fraction increased with the increase of temperature and the decrease of oil-water ratio.With the increase of surfactant mass fraction,the viscosity,average particle size and water fraction of emulsion decreased first and then increased.With the increase of stirring rate,the viscosity of emulsion decreased first and then increased,the average particle size decreased,and the water fraction increased.Under the conditions of 40℃,mass fraction of 2.0%,oil-water ratio of 7∶3 and stirring speed of 200 r·min^-1,the viscosity of the emulsion was 43.6 mPa·s,and the average particle size was 27.37μm.Using FBRM,it was found that the average particle size of the emulsion with demulsifier was 1～3μm larger than that of the emulsion without demulsifier,and the total number of particles was greatly reduced.After adding demulsifier for 2 h,the number of particles with average particle size between 10～50μm and less than 10μm in the emulsion decreased,and the number of particles with average particle size between 50～150μm increased.更多还原