【摘要】 体育本体论是一门认识体育基本内涵与构成的学问。在新的社会背景和体育实践的基础上，现代体育与其他社会活动联系和融合愈发紧密、深入，因此重视和加强对体育本体和相关基础理论的研究，对于探寻体育之本体、厘清体育之存在、谨防体育之异化有着重要意义。杨贤江是我国第一批卓越的马克思主义教育家、体育运动倡导者，关于体育本体的认识与探讨是其丰富体育思想的重要组成部分。以史为鉴，对杨贤江本体论思想进行研究，对丰富我国体育本体论研究和体育史研究有着重要的参考价值。本研究发现杨贤江的体育本体论思想主要包括：一是自觉使用马克思主义相关理论来解释和分析体育的“所源”问题，并断言资本主义的体育制度，终会被社会主义体育制度所取代。二是结合中华民族传统的身体观、武术和气功，提出体格、体质、体力和气力为体育构成的四大要素，认为体育的内容应包括运动、卫生、游戏三个方面，并将进行体育的科学方法总结为“持之以恒、动静结合、适量不过、讲究实效”,给出了其对本体论中体育“所是”问题的答案。三是立足于国家和民族的救亡图存和其培养“完人”的教育目标，指出体育的“所用”之目的是“造就强健而美的体格和体质”,其功能是“增强体质、增进健康，感觉敏锐、思想发达，锻炼意志，培养团体生活习惯”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sports ontology is a piece of knowledge to understand the basic connotation and composition of sports.Based on the new social background and sports practice, modern sports and other social activities are more closely linked and more deeply integrated.Therefore, it is of significance to pay attention to and strengthen the research on the ontology and fundamental theories of sports to find the nature of sports and guard against the alienation of sports.Yang Xinjiang is one of the first batch of outstanding Marxist educators and modern sports advocators in China. The understanding and discussion of sports is an integral part of his rich sports thoughts. Taking history as a mirror, the research on Yang Xianjiang’s ontological thoughts has essential reference value for enriching sports ontology and sports history in China. The study finds that Yang Xianjiang’s sports ontology thoughts mainly include three aspects. Firstly, Marxist related theories are used to explain and analyze the “source” of sports and he asserts that capitalist sports system will eventually be replaced by socialist sports system. Secondly, combining the traditional Chinese view of the body, martial arts and qigong, he puts forward the four major elements of physical fitness, physique, stamina, and vigour, believes that the content of sports should include sports activity, health and games, summarizes the scientific methods of sports as being “persistent, dynamic and static, appropriate and pragmatic”, and gives its answer to the ontological question of “what is” in sports. Finally, based on the salvation plan and the educational goal of cultivating a “perfect human” of the country and the nation, he points out that the “use” of sports is to “create strong and beautiful physical fitness and physique”, and the function is to “enhance physical fitness, improve health, feel sharply, have a well-developed mind, have a strong will and cultivate the group living habits”.更多还原