【摘要】 开展生物多样性保护成效对比评估对于合理执行生态补偿机制的转移支付政策，以及进一步促进全国生态保护管理水平的有效提升都具有重要意义。以2015年版《全国生态功能区划》划定的生物多样性保护重要生态功能区为研究对象，采用生物多样性保护成效结构指数，探讨重要生态功能区生物多样性保护成效的区域分异情况。研究结果表明：(1)华南、华东与华中地区重要生态功能区的生态结构参照基准较高，东北地区重要生态功能区居中，较差的重要生态功能区则位于西南和西北地区，说明了全国生态环境本底的区域分异性；(2)西北和西南地区重要生态功能区的保护成效结构指数较高，华中和华南地区居中，而东北和华东地区的保护成效结构指数较低，体现了2015年全国重要生态功能区生物多样性保护成效的空间差异情况；(3)从草原、森林与湿地生物多样性的保护成效结构指数来看，西北与西南地区、东北和西南地区及华东地区的重要生态功能区分别具有较大优势。上述研究结果反映了全国重要生态功能区生物多样性保护成效优劣的空间差异状况，可为政府部门健全生态补偿机制以及制定生态系统恢复方案提供决策参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Comparative evaluation of biodiversity conservation effectiveness is significance to implement the transfer payment policy of ecological compensation reasonably, as to promote the effective improvement of the national ecological conservation management level. In this study, the important ecological function areas for biodiversity conservation, which originated from the National Ecological Function Zoning during 2015, were used for spatially comparative assessment. The conservation effectiveness structure index was established to explore the regional differences of biodiversity conservation effectiveness in important ecological function areas. The results showed that:(1) the structural reference of important ecological function areas in the South China, East China and Central China was better than the Northeast, and important ecological function areas in the Northwest and Southwest were the worst, which illustrated the regional diversity of the national ecological environment;(2) the conservation effectiveness structure index of important ecological function areas in the Northwest and Southwest was better than that of the Central China and South China, while the Northeast and East China were lower, which reflected the spatial differences in biodiversity conservation effectiveness in important ecological function areas in 2015;(3) from the perspective of the conservation effectiveness structure index of grassland, forest and wetland biodiversity, the important ecological function areas in the Northwest and Southwest, Northeast and Southwest, East China had great advantages respectively. The results provide the spatial differences of the biodiversity conservation effectiveness in important ecological function areas, and provide a reference for the government to improve ecological compensation mechanisms and formulate ecosystem restoration plans.更多还原