【摘要】 [目的]探索干旱半干旱区土壤水盐氮的分布规律，为防治地下水面源污染和实现水土资源可持续利用提供依据。[方法]选取河北坝上地区4种典型的土地利用类型（林、田、湖、草），分析土壤水分、盐分以及硝态氮的变化特征，阐明不同土地利用类型土壤剖面的水盐氮分布规律。[结果]（1）不同土地利用方式中，安固里淖干涸湖底的土壤水盐含量最高，平均含水率达60.18%，且土壤水盐分布均表现出中等变异性，含水率变异程度更大。（2）林地、旱作农田和安固里淖干涸湖底0—220cm土壤水盐分布规律基本一致，分别呈振荡型、均匀型和底聚型，而草地的水盐分布存在差异。（3）盐分离子在4种土地利用类型间均具有显著差异（p<0.05），其构成以SO₄^2-为主，K⁺,Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺普遍缺乏。（4）安固里淖干涸湖底土壤剖面平均硝态氮含量高达134.18mg/kg，在林地和旱作农田分布呈表聚型，在安固里淖干涸湖底呈中间少、上下多的特征。草地硝态氮上层土壤累积明显。（5）林田湖草土壤硝态氮均与K⁺存在显著或极显著正相关，K⁺是控制区域硝态氮变化的主要因子。[结论]河北坝上林田湖草土壤水盐氮分布具有明显的差异性，安固里淖干涸湖底土壤水盐氮含量显著高于其他3种土地利用类型，对地下水造成严重的潜在污染。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]The distribution of soil water,salt and nitrogen in arid and semi-arid areas were analyzed in order to provide a basis for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of groundwater and sustainably utilizing water and soil resources.[Methods]Four typical land use types （forest land,cropland,playa and grassland）in the Bashang area of Hebei Province were selected as the study objects.By analyzing changes in water,salt and nitrate of soils,we determined the distribution patterns of water,salinity,and nitrogen in the soil profiles of the different land use types.[Results]（1） The soil water and salt content in the playa of Anguli Lake was the highest among the different land use types,with an average water content of 60.18%.The distributions of soil water and salt showed medium variability,with a greater degree of variability in water content.（2） The same distributions of soil water and salt in the 0—220cm soil profile were observed for forest land,farmland,and the playa （all except grassland）of Anguli Lake,exhibiting an oscillating shape,homogeneous shape,and bottom aggregation shape,respectively.（3） Saltions for the four land use types were significantly different（p<0.05）,and their compositions were dominated by SO₄^2-,while K⁺,Mg²⁺and Ca²⁺were relatively scarce.（4） The average nitrate content in the soil profile of the playa of Anguli Lake was as high as 134.18mg/kg.Its distributions in forest land and farmland exhibited accumulation in topsoil,characterized by less in the middle and more at the top and bottom of the playa of Anguli Lake.The accumulation of nitrate in the upper soil layer of grassland was obvious.（5） The nitrate of soils of forest land,cropland,playa and grassland showed highly significant positive correlations with K⁺,which was the main factor that controlled the variation of nitrate.[Conclusion]The distributions of soil water,salt and nitrogen on forest land,cropland,playa and grassland in the Bashang area of Hebei Province had obvious variability,and the soil water,salt,and nitrogen content in the playa of Anguli Lake was significantly higher than seen for the other three land use types,thereby posing a serious risk of leaching to groundwater.更多还原