【摘要】 为探讨不同自然植被类型下煤矸石基质养分和微生物群落多样性变化及其关联性，对贵州中部关闭煤矿区煤矸石堆场自然恢复的马尾松幼林、光皮桦+茅栗幼林和类芦草丛3类植被进行调查，采集其优势植物(马尾松、光皮桦和类芦),分析煤矸石基质样品。结果表明：植被自然恢复过程中煤矸石基质的有机碳及有效性氮、磷和钾含量均出现不同程度的增加，其作用的大小顺序为光皮桦+茅栗幼林>马尾松幼林>类芦草丛，3种植被类型之间煤矸石基质的碱解氮含量出现显著性差异，光皮桦+茅栗幼林和马尾松幼林下煤矸石基质的有机碳及碱解氮含量均显著地高于类芦草丛。自然恢复植被后煤矸石基质的微生物群落丰富度指数和优势度指数均显著高于裸露的煤矸石基质，特别是光皮桦+茅栗幼林。煤矸石基质的微生物群落丰富度指数与有机质碳、碱解氮、有效磷、和速效钾含量存在显著性正相关，而微生物群落优势度指数与碱解氮含量呈极显著正相关。自然恢复植被后煤矸石基质的微生物群落多样性明显增加，对增进煤矸石基质养分转化和物质循环具有积极意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Background] The ecological environment management in most closed small coal mines in central and western Guizhou had achieved obvious results. The natural growth of Pinus massoniana, Betula luminifera, and Neyraudia, plant communities had appeared in coal gangue dumps piled in the open air for many years. Discussing the change and correlation of the nutrient and microbial community diversity of coal gangue matrix under the different types of natural vegetation are of great significance. [Methods] A sample plot(20 m×10 m) was set up in the coal gangue yard, we investigated 3 types of vegetation(Pinus massoniana young forest, Betula luminifera+Castanea seguinii young forest, and Neyraudia grass) and collected their dominant plants recovered from coal gangue dumps in the closed coal mine area in central Guizhou, and collected the coal gangue matrix samples from 3 types of vegetation or the rhizosphere of dominant plants at the same time. Moreover, the available nutrient content of coal gangue matrix was determined by conventional analytical methods and the functional diversity analysis of microbial communities was performed using the ECO MicroPlate of BIOLOGTM. [Results] 1) In the process of natural vegetation restoration, the organic carbon(C) and the effective nitrogen(N) contents of the coal gangue matrix increased significantly, and the effective phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) contents also increased to varying degrees, and the order of their effects was B. luminifera+C. sequinii young forest >P. massoniana young forest >Neyraudia grass and there were significant differences in available N contents of coal gangue matrix among the three vegetation types, and the organic C and available N contents of coal gangue matrix under B. luminifera+ C. sequinii young forest or P. massoniana young forest was significantly higher than those of Neyraudia grass. Also, the order of contents of organic C and available N, P and K in the coal gangue matrix of the dominant plant root zone was B. luminifera>Neyraudia>P. massoniana. 2)After the natural restoration of vegetation, the microbial community richness index H and dominance index D of the coal gangue matrix were significantly higher than those of the bare coal gangue matrix, especially B. luminifera+ C. sequinii young forest. The microbial community H of coal gangue matrix under different vegetation types had a significantly positive correlation with the contents of organic matter C, available N, effective P and effective K. However, the microbial community D and available N contents were extremely significantly positively correlated. [Conclusions] In the process of natural vegetation restoration, the organic C and available N, P and K mass fractions and microbial community diversity of coal gangue matrix increased significantly, especially in the young forest of B. luminifera+ C. sequinii.更多还原