【摘要】 随着经济的发展、现代化程度的提升，光已经成为人类生活必不可缺的物质之一。但随着各种光源的使用，由过度照明导致光污染问题也逐渐凸显出来。本文针对我国光环境问题，选择东北、西南、华东和东南地区代表性城市，开展区域光环境测试，对比研究了各地区光污染现状。结果表明：各城市高亮度区域的广场照明环境存在不同程度的过度照明，光污染较为严重，其中重庆最严重，依次为深圳、杭州和哈尔滨；城市道路亮度水平差距较大，其中哈尔滨主、次干道照明亮度均较高，点位超标率达到70%以上，重庆次干路亮度过高，杭州主干路亮度过高，深圳主、次干道亮度适中。我国过度照明导致的光污染问题较为突出，典型城市间，以经济发达、人口较多的城市光污染程度较高，充分显示出光污染与城市特点密切相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy and the promotion of modernization, light has become one of the essential substances in human life. However, with the use of various light sources, the problem of light pollution caused by excessive lighting has gradually become prominent. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of urbanization level, urban light project leads to more and more bright nights in our country, which has an adverse effect on human health and ecological environment. In order to understand the current situation of excessive lighting in urban areas in China, this paper selected Harbin, Chongqing, Hangzhou and Shenzhen as representatives in Northeast China, Southwest China, East China and Southeast China respectively to investigate and monitor the light environment based on factors such as urban geographical location, population size and economic development. This paper explores and carries out research on light pollution in the field of urban over-lighting, and proposes suggestions on light environment control in different types of cities through comparative analysis of urban over-lighting characteristics, so as to provide data support for urban light environment management in China. The results show that by comparing the light environment monitoring data of four cities in China, it is found that there are areas with serious light pollution in all cities, such as high-light area in Chongqing, medium-light area in Shenzhen,main road in Harbin and Hangzhou, and secondary road in Chongqing. Shenzhen, which has the most prosperous economy, has a prominent problem of light pollution in its urban residential areas and general public areas. In the aspect of road lighting, the prominent problems are insufficient lighting brightness and small range and degree of light pollution. The lighting brightness of main and secondary roads in Harbin is high, and the over-standard rate of spot position is more than 70%.It is urgent to strengthen the control of road lighting, which indicates that the degree and type of urban light pollution are not only closely related to the level of urban economic development, but also related to urban management and people’s way of life. It can also be seen from the comparative study of the measured data that the test data of the points with the same type of light environment in the city have a large deviation(such as flood control Monument and Sophia Square in E4 Zone of Harbin,Longxiang Bridge and Qianjiang New City in E4 zone of Hangzhou, and Civic Center Square and Zhongxin Square in E3 Zone of Shenzhen, etc.), which is due to the selection process of typical light environment areas. The complexity and diversity of Chinese urban regional features cannot be fully demonstrated only by the existing classification methods based on regional characteristics.For example, the point location of Qianjiang New City in E4 District of Hangzhou is located in the central area of the city, but it is actually a plaza in the community and the light environment is dark,which leads to inaccurate positioning of evaluation standards. Therefore, according to our national characteristics, it needs to further refine the classification method of light environment region.The investigation found that due to the lack of supporting light environmental management and pollution prevention legal documents in the planning, construction, acceptance and maintenance of urban light source design, the light source design of urban area lighting and road lighting is mostly based on whether the lighting brightness meets the environmental requirements, resulting in the opposite phenomenon, i.e. the city and road excessive lighting vs. insufficient brightness. In addition, China has not yet developed mandatory technical standards for light pollution limitation applicable to the comprehensive field of ecological environmental protection, and the environmental regulatory indicators based on excessive lighting are not clear, so it is urgent to carry out deeper research. In this light environment monitoring, illuminance monitoring method is point light source monitoring method, which has low test efficiency, large human error and cumbersome calculation process, and is difficult to cope with heavy light environment measurement work. Therefore, the detection method of light pollution needs to be optimized and improved. In general, light pollution has inevitably penetrated into people’s lives, especially the excessive lighting in high-brightness areas and urban road environment. It is urgent to carry out legislation on light environment protection, clarify the definition of light pollution from laws and regulations, divide government responsibilities, improve the supervision system of light pollution, and form a mechanism for light environment protection. On the basis of fully considering the distribution of light pollution and the situation of regional economic development, it is necessary to promulgate the important technical standards of light environment quality, which determine whether outdoor light environment is reasonable,so as to have legal basis for supervision. The Technical Code for Regional Division of Urban Outdoor Light Environment has been formulated to realize the fine management of light pollution, so as to comprehensively solve the problem of light pollution caused by the rapid development of urbanization and create a comfortable, green and harmonious light environment.更多还原