【摘要】 作为苏格兰启蒙运动的重要奠基者，哈奇森的人学思想的启蒙特质首先表现在他对加尔文主义人性观的质疑，他用斯多葛主义的灵魂德性观取代了基督教人性原罪论。哈奇森强调人性感官的直接作用和道德观念的非理性基础，主张采用经验和观察的方法探究人性的本质，阐述了包含内在感官、道德感官、公共感官、荣誉感官等复杂构成的心理机制及其与人类行为的关系，指出人性构造中的感官和欲望使人们能在关注自身利益的同时，也能无私地关心他人的幸福和社会的公共福祉，而自然法正是基于对人性的观察和结论而得出的人类行为规则的统称。哈奇森阐发的人学理论成为苏格兰启蒙人学的滥觞。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important pioneering figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, Hutcheson exhibited his particular Enlightenment attributes regarding ideas of the science of man by questioning the Calvinist notion of human nature and replacing Christian original sin with Stoic spiritual virtue. Hutcheson emphasized the spontaneous effect of human senses and the basis of morality beyond rationality and advocated empirical approaches in observing and enquiring into the nature of man, elaborating on the human psychological mechanism comprising internal sense, moral sense, public sense and sense of honor as well as its relation with human behavior. He pointed out that the senses and desires in human constitution enabled people to be unselfishly concerned about the happiness of others and welfare of society while attending to their own interests and that natural law was but the behavioral codes in general concluded from the observation of human nature. The theories of the science of man proposed by Hutcheson proved to be the burgeoning of the human science of the Scottish Enlightenment.更多还原