【摘要】 后全球化时代，消费电子全球供应链在发生新变化，并被不断重塑。基于2018和2021年苹果零部件供应商数据，运用赫芬达尔指数、区位熵以及分布数量占比等方法，在分析苹果零部件全球供应链分布特征基础上，对比疫情前后苹果零部件全球供应链分布变化、重点领域供应链分布变化以及供应链在中国各省市分布变化等，综合透视后全球化时代消费电子全球供应链的变化特征与新近趋势。研究发现：首先，苹果零部件全球供应链集中分布于中国、日本、美国、韩国和中国台湾等少数国家和地区。对比疫情前后，发现核心零部件环节回归中国台湾和韩国的趋势明显，同时增加了向东南亚的布局，大规模退出中国和回归美国的趋势并不显著。其次，芯片设计与制造环节呈现进一步向美国、中国、中国台湾、韩国、新加坡、马来西亚等地集中趋势；液晶显示及触控环节的分布尽管以中国和日本为双核，但因在韩国、越南和美国分布数量增加导致呈现一定分散势头；尽管中国在组装代工及包装印刷环节独具分布数量优势，但越南表现出较强分流趋势；再次，苹果零部件全球供应链在中国分布呈现“核心-外围”格局；疫情后，广东和江苏的“双核”地位有所下降，上海地位上升明显，且内蒙古和云南开始切入苹果零部件全球供应链；第四，外资供应商在中国分布数量总体下降，主要是因非核心环节分布数量减少导致，核心环节分布较为稳定。最后，从提升在供应链体系中的控制力、构建自主可控的供应链体系以及构建新型合作关系三方面提出中国应对变化策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the post-globalization era, the global supply chain of consumer electronics is undergoing new changes and being reshaped constantly. Based on the data of Apple’s parts suppliers in 2018 and 2021, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics and changes of the global supply chain of Apple’s parts, the distribution changes of the supply chain in key areas, and the distribution changes of the supply chain in provinces and cities in China before and after the COVID-19, using the methods of Herfindahl index, location quotient and distribution quantity ratio. A comprehensive perspective on the changing characteristics and recent trends of the global supply chain of consumer electronics in the post-globalization era. Research findings: First of all, the current global supply chain of Apple’s parts is concentrated in a few countries and regions, such as China, Japan, the United States, China’s Taiwan and South Korea. Compared before and after the COVID-19,it was found that the core parts had a significant trend of returning to China’s Taiwan and South Korea, while the layout to Southeast Asia was increased. The trend of large-scale withdrawal from China and return to the United States was not significant. Secondly, the chip design and manufacturing links show a further centralized trend to the United States,China, China’s Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia and other countries (regions); Although the distribution of liquid crystal display and touch control is dual-core in China and Japan,the increase of distribution in South Korea, Vietnam and the United States leads to a certain momentum of dispersion. Although China has unique advantages in the distribution number of assembly foundry and packaging and printing links, Vietnam shows a strong trend of separation. Thirdly, the distribution of Apple’s parts global supply chain in China presents a "core-periphery" pattern; After the COVID-19, the "dual core" status of Guangdong and Jiangsu decreased, while the status of Shanghai increased significantly. Moreover, Inner Mongolia and Yunnan began to enter the global supply chain of Apple’s parts. Fourthly, the distribution of foreign suppliers in China has declined, mainly due to the decreasing in the distribution of non-core links, and the distribution of core links is relatively stable. Finally,we put forward China’s strategies to cope with changes from three aspects: improving the control power in the supply chain system, building an independent and controllable supply chain system, and building a new cooperative relationship.更多还原