【摘要】 海底麻坑是地层中流体沿着运移通道溢出海底，侵蚀海底沉积物形成的凹陷地貌。本文利用最新获取的船测高分辨率水深数据和浅地层剖面数据，对南海日积礁南侧海底麻坑分布及其发育规律进行了研究。基于高分辨率地貌学特征和浅地层剖面规律识别并统计了区内219个总体规模较大的麻坑，经分析发现，海水水深和麻坑规模具有较弱相关性：水深与麻坑直径、坑深呈不明显正相关，直径与内壁坡度呈不明显负相关。揭示了区内特殊地貌和麻坑的分布、形态、变化之间的内在关系：圆形和椭圆形普通麻坑多分布于海丘丘顶部位；半月型大型麻坑多分布于海丘中下部；而串珠状拉长型巨型麻坑则主要分布于深海丘间峡谷。本区麻坑形态和规模从丘顶到峡谷的变化直接对应了麻坑不同阶段的发育过程，其本质受区内构造和动力学控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Submarine pockmark is a depression landform formed by fluid spilling out of the seabed along the migration path and eroding the seafloor sediments. In this paper, the distribution and development of pockmarks on the south side of Riji Reef in the South China Sea are studied by using high-resolution bathymetric data and sub-bottom profile data. Based on the characteristics of high-resolution geomorphology and the laws of sub-bottom profile,219 large scale pockmarks in the area were identified and counted, there is weak correlation between seawater depth and pockmark scale: seawater depth has no obvious positive correlation with diameter and depth of pockmark, and has no obvious negative correlation with inner slope of pockmark. It reveals the internal relationship between the special geomorphology and the distribution, shape and change of pockmark: the round and elliptical pockmarks are mostly distributed on the top of the sea knoll, the half-moon type pockmarks are mostly distributed in the middle and lower part of the sea knoll, while the bead-like elongated type pockmarks are mainly distributed in the canyon between the deep sea knolls. It is concluded that the change of the pockmark shape and scale which are from the top of the sea knoll to the canyon directly corresponds to the development process of the pockmark in different stages,and that the pockmarks are essentially influenced by the tectonics and dynamics control of the area.更多还原