【摘要】 岷江柏（Cupressus chengiana）是中国珍稀濒危种、国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物、川甘特有种。岷江柏古树蕴藏多种基因，是宝贵的遗传种质材料。以阿坝州理县4株岷江柏古树（350—1200年生）种子为试材，以金川岷江柏（20年生）种子为对照，通过研究岷江柏古树种子形态特征及其萌发特性，揭示其种子的萌发特性。结果表明：岷江柏古树平均种子长3.83 mm，宽3.20 mm，厚1.29 mm，单粒球果中平均种子数42.42粒。与对照相比，种子百粒重、生活力、发芽率均显著下降，仅为0.25 g、28.27%、14.59%；始发芽时间、发芽周期（13.75 d、35 d）显著增加，表现出明显的生理功能衰退。1200年生古树始发芽时间显著低于其他古树，不同古树间发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数无显著差异。古树种子较适宜的发芽温度为20℃，发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别为14.59%、5.42%、0.29，平均始发芽时间13.46 d。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cupressus chengiana is a rare and endangered species in China, a national class II key protected wild plant and endemic to Sichuan and Gansu Province. The ancient C. chengiana trees contain a variety of genes and are valuable genetic germplasm materials. The seeds of 4 ancient C. chengiana trees(350-1200 years) in Lixian County, Aba Prefecture were used as test materials, and the seeds of C. chengiana(20 years old) in Jinchuan County was used as control. Based on the study of the seed morphological characteristics and germination characteristics of ancient C.chengiana, the germination characteristics of their seeds were revealed. The results showed that the average seed length,width and of thickness of ancient C. chengiana trees was 3.83mm, 3.20mm and 1.29mm, and the average number of seeds in a single cone was 42.42. Compared with the control, the 100-seed weight, viability and germination rate of seeds decreased significantly, which were only 0.25g, 28.27%, 14.59%. The initial germination time and the germination period(13.75 days and 35 days) increased significantly, showing obvious physiological function decline.The initial germination time of 1200-year-old ancient trees was significantly lower than that of other ancient trees, and there was no significant difference in germination rate, germination potential and germination index among different ancient trees. The suitable germination temperature of ancient tree seeds was 20 ℃, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index were 14.58%, 5.42% and 0.29 respectively, and the average initial germination time was 13.46 days.更多还原