【摘要】 对硝基苯酚（p-NP）是引起严重环境污染的剧毒化合物，具有神经毒性、器官毒性与致癌性。由于在水体中稳定性极高，较其它污染物更难处理，因此p-NP的灵敏检测对环境污染的评估意义重大。传统的检测方法如色谱法、光谱法等都无法避免成本高、周期长、需要大型仪器的局限性,而电化学纳米材料传感器具有低成本、易操作、快响应、可实现小型化与即时检验（POCT）的特点，具有良好的前景。本文致力于回顾和整理近年来用于p-NP检测的纳米材料电化学传感器的研究，总结了几种可以高效提高p-NP检测效果的电极表面纳米材料设计方法，探讨了p-NP纳米材料电化学传感器电极理性设计的未来方向。除此之外，还提出了纳米材料传感器特异性差的普遍问题，而电化学生物传感器具有高特异性，将生物识别元件开发和纳米材料技术结合是电化学传感器未来发展的可观方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 P-Nitrophenol(p-NP) is a highly toxic compound that causes serious environmental pollution and is neurotoxic, organotoxic and carcinogenic. The sensitive detection of p-NP is of great significance in the assessment of environmental pollution because it is extremely stable in water bodies and more difficult to treat than other pollutants. Traditional detection methods such as chromatography and spectroscopy cannot avoid the limitations of high costs, long lead times and the need for large instruments, In contrast, electrochemical nanomaterial sensors are promising because they are low-cost, easy to operate, fast-response and can be miniaturised and point-of-care testing(POCT). This paper is dedicated to reviewing and collating recent research on nanomaterial electrochemical sensors for p-NP detection, summarising several methods for the design of electrode surface nanomaterials that can efficiently improve p-NP detection, and exploring future directions for the rational design of electrodes for p-NP nanomaterial electrochemical sensors. In addition to this, the general problem of poor specificity of nanomaterial sensors was raised, whereas electrochemical biosensors have high specificity and the combination of biometric element development and nanomaterial technology is a promising option for the future development of electrochemical sensors.更多还原