【摘要】 目的 调查分析陕西省妊娠期妇女贫血现况及影响因素，为制定营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法 选取2020年10月至2021年12月在西安交通大学第一附属医院、西安高新医院、咸阳彩虹医院、宝鸡市凤翔区医院首次产检的728名孕妇为研究对象，问卷调查其一般资料和孕期健康状况，使用多因素Logistic回归分析和分层分析探索影响妊娠期贫血发病的高危因素。结果 本研究妊娠期贫血患病率为40.9%。单因素分析结果显示，贫血组孕妇高学历占比较多、孕前体重及体质量指数(BMI)较低、初潮年龄较大、计划妊娠占比较低、孕后3个月工作占比较低、孕期叫外卖频次高，差异有统计学意义(χ~2/t值介于3.564～9.185之间，P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归结果显示，与12～16岁时月经初潮的孕妇相比，月经初潮年龄<12岁的孕妇患妊娠期贫血的风险较小(OR:0.50,95%CI:0.28～0.89);与正常组相比，消瘦组孕妇患妊娠期贫血的风险增加(OR:1.54,95%CI:1.02～2.23);与计划妊娠相比，意外妊娠孕妇患妊娠期贫血的风险增加(OR:1.49,95%CI:1.09～2.03);与未工作相比，孕后3个月仍在工作的孕妇患妊娠期贫血的风险降低(OR:0.70,95%CI:0.51～0.95)。结论 意外妊娠、孕前BMI较低是妊娠期贫血的危险因素，初潮年龄小于12岁、孕后3个月仍在工作是妊娠期贫血的保护因素，应做好贫血危险因素的宣教，降低本地区孕妇贫血患病率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of anemia during pregnancy in Shaanxi Province, and provide scientific basis for formulating nutritional intervention measures.Methods A total of 728 pregnant women who received their first antenatal check-up in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an Gaoxin Hospital, Xianyang Rainbow Hospital, and Baoji Fengxiang Hospital from October 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the study objects.The general information and health status during pregnancy were investigated by questionnaires, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis were used to explore the risk factors affecting the incidence of anemia during pregnancy.Results The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy was 40.9% in this study.The results of univariate analysis showed that pregnant women in the anemia group had higher education, lower pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index(BMI),older age of menarche, lower proportion of planned pregnancy, lower proportion of work in the 3 months after pregnancy, and higher frequency of ordering takeout during pregnancy and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2/t ranged from 3.564 to 9.185,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression showed that women who menarche when they are younger than 12 years old had a lower risk of anemia during pregnancy compared with women who menarche when they were 12 to 16 years old(OR:0.50,95%CI:0.28-0.89).The emaciated group had an increased risk of anemia during pregnancy compared with the normal group(OR:1.54,95%CI:1.02-2.23).Women with unintended pregnancies had an increased risk of anemia during pregnancy compared with planned pregnancies(OR:1.49,95%CI:1.09-2.03).Women who were still working three months after conception had a reduced risk of anemia during pregnancy compared with those who were not working(OR:0.70,95%CI:0.51-0.95).Conclusion Unplanned pregnancy and low BMI before pregnancy are risk factors for anemia during pregnancy.Menarche age less than 12 years old and working 3 months after pregnancy are protective factors for anemia during pregnancy.It is necessary to do a good job in the propaganda and education of anemia risk factors to reduce the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in this region.更多还原