【摘要】 为促进陕西省及黄河流域水资源合理配置、保障区域水资源安全，基于虚拟水理论及中国区域间投入产出表，利用投入-产出模型，计算了典型年2007年、2010年、2012年、2015年和2017年陕西省三次产业用水系数、虚拟水量以及该省与全国其他各省份间的虚拟水贸易量，并运用灰色关联模型探究了影响陕西省虚拟水量变动的主要因素；在此基础上，进一步分析陕西省虚拟水产业间的配置特征，建立陕西省与其他省份的虚拟水贸易网络。结果表明：(1)陕西省第一产业的直接用水系数和完全用水系数均大于第二、第三产业的，但随着时间推移三次产业直接用水系数和完全用水系数都呈减小趋势，说明该省用水效率不断提高。(2)第一、第二产业是陕西省虚拟水供给的主要产业，农业机械总动力、人口、城镇化率、粮食产量、钢铁产量、建筑业总产值等是影响该省第一、第二产业虚拟水供给的主要因素。(3)陕西省70%以上的虚拟水供本省使用，输向外省份主要分布于我国中部、东部沿海及京津冀地区，且以第一产业输出为主；该省虚拟水输入量的90%以上来源于第二、第三产业，主要输入来源为我国华东、华南、华北、东北等经济相对较发达省份。(4)省际虚拟水贸易中，陕西省长期保持净输入状态；与实际水资源拥有量相比，四川、辽宁、吉林等省份与陕西省的虚拟水净贸易不合理。陕西省应通过调整产业结构和优化省际贸易网络，促进虚拟水和实体水的时空匹配程度，这对黄河流域乃至全国水资源合理利用具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to promote the rational allocation of water resources in Shaanxi Province and the Yellow River Basin and ensure regional water security, based on virtual water theory and inter-regional input-output table of China, this paper calculated the water consumption coefficients of three major industries virtual water volume in Shaanxi Province, and the virtual water trade volume between this province and other provinces in China in 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017 with the help of input-output model, and explored the main factors affecting the change of virtual water volume in Shaanxi Province by using gray correlation model. Further, the inter-industry allocation characteristics of virtual water in Shaanxi Province were analyzed and the virtual water trade network between Shaanxi Province and other provinces were established. The results show that a) the coefficient of direct water consumption and complete water consumption coefficient of the primary industry in Shaanxi Province are higher than that of the secondary and tertiary industries, but all show a decreasing trend over this time, indicating that the province’s water use efficiency are constantly improving. b) The primary and secondary industries account for the majority of the virtual water supply in Shaanxi Province, and the level of agricultural technology, population size, urbanization rate, food production, industry and construction development level are the main factors affecting the virtual water supply of the primary and secondary industries in the province. c) More than 70% of the virtual water in Shaanxi Province are consumed by itself and transported to other provinces mainly are Guangdong, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Henan provinces. It mainly exports to the primary industry. More than 90% of the virtual water input derives from the secondary and tertiary industries of Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shanghai, Anhui, Zhejiang and Hunan provinces. d) Shaanxi Province has maintained net input state for a long time in the inter-provincial trade; compared with the actual water resources trade net virtual water trade between Shaanxi Province and Sichuan, Liaoning, Jilin and other provinces is unreasonable. Shaanxi Province should promote the spatial and temporal matching of virtual water and physical water by adjusting the industrial structure and optimizing the inter-provincial trade network, which is of great significance for the rational use of water resources at the Yellow River Basin scale and even at the national scale.更多还原