【摘要】 人字闸门底枢作为半球面摩擦副，在水下长时间以低速、重载工况运行，易因磨损导致故障。传统的油脂润滑容易造成环境污染，而固体镶嵌润滑是更为适宜的润滑方式。为了研究不同材料和轴瓦镶嵌结构对底枢摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响，通过试验得到石墨填充润滑材料的力学性能以及不同条件下的摩擦因数；以三峡大坝人字闸门底枢为研究对象，从工程实际与理论分析角度设计了相同孔径和渐变孔径2种不同轴瓦镶嵌结构，利用有限元软件分析了球面静态接触和旋转运行状态下的接触应力，对比了光滑轴瓦、相同孔轴瓦和渐变孔轴瓦的理论摩擦因数。结果表明：从应力角度，相同镶嵌结构下石墨润滑优于高分子赛龙材料润滑；在相同填充面积条件下，3种结构中最大等效应力从大到小依次为渐变孔结构、相同孔结构和光滑结构，而从润滑以及理论摩擦因数角度看，渐变孔结构性能最好，然后依次为相同孔结构和光滑结构；相比镶嵌孔路径，无镶嵌孔路径上的轴瓦等效应力较小。因此，在实际应用中，应确保力学偏置方向与轴瓦的无镶嵌孔区域相符，以减小应力集中并提高润滑性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The bottom pivot of a hinged gate, as a hemispherical friction pair, operates underwater for a long time under low-speed and heavy-load conditions, which is prone to failure due to wear and tear.Traditional grease lubrication is prone to environmental pollution, while solid embedded lubrication is a more suitable lubrication method.In order to investigate the influence of different materials and bushing embedded structures on the tribological performance of the pivot friction pair, the experiments were experiments to obtain the mechanical properties of graphite-filled lubricating materials, as well as friction coefficients under varying conditions.Focusing on the bottom pivot of the Three Gorges hinged gate, two different bushing embedded structures with identical and variable aperture sizes were designed from both engineering and theoretical analysis perspectives.The contact stress of the spherical static contact and rotational operation states was calculated using finite element software, and the theoretical friction coefficients of smooth bushings, the bushings with uniform apertures, and the bushings with variable apertures were compared.The results show that from a stress perspective, graphite lubrication is superior to Thordon material lubrication under the same embedded structure.Under identical filling area conditions, the maximum equivalent stress of the three structures is in descending order of variable aperture structure, uniform aperture pore structure, and smooth structure.However, from both lubrication and theoretical friction coefficient perspectives, the performance of the variable aperture structure is the best, followed by the uniform aperture structure and smooth structure in order.Compared with the path with embedded holes, the bushing equivalent stress on the path without embedded holes is lower.Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to ensure that the mechanical bias direction aligns with the non-embedded hole region of the bushing to reduce stress concentration and improve lubrication performance.更多还原