【摘要】 我国正加快推进从教育大国到教育强国的转变，但目前高等教育分类发展问题尚未得到有效解决，合理的专业设置是关键。研究发现高等教育大众化以来，案例老牌地方本科高校的专业设置调整经历了模仿传统专业(方向)举办新专业(方向)、精简专业结构与建设应用型专业、“精英—大众”教育双轨并进三个阶段。在不同阶段，政府政策和生源、就业市场构成压力情境，高校根据实际利益和需求进行选择性响应，高校对办学资源和声望的追求影响其应对方式。为促进老牌地方本科高校完善“精英—大众”教育双轨并进的人才培养定位，亟待政府改革专业目录治理模式，建立学术型专业和应用型专业分类评价体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is accelerating the transformation from a largest education system to a powerful education system. However, the diversification of higher education in China has not been effectively solved yet. Reasonable adjustment in major is the key to the classified development of universities. This paper studies the process of building new majors through imitating traditional majors, simplifying existing majors while developing applied majors, and constructing a major structure of “elite-mass” double track. In different stages, government policies, student sources, and job markets build a pressure situation, and universities selectively respond based on actual needs. The pursuit of educational resources and reputation by universities affects their response methods. In order to promote the improvement of the “elite-mass” double track in local renowned universities, it is urgent for the government to reform the major directory model and establish a diversification system adjusting academic and applied majors.更多还原